Tense

TENSE

Kani lhou khat churyeirou heiyei kheen hilthungni tense ayakhi khaithutlei. Lhou churbi klei, lhou churkur, kalhonni lhou churroukyou ani kaiyei lhou khat churnei kheen heiya muyerlei. Wai arou tense le kheen ayei khitkna ayakhi kani kartāmase. Kheen tou ari chut naimak bam khatme. Maringayei kheen murilnarou “Ángkum - Kumtú – Níngkuma, Angí – Angtú – Nínga, Tûinang – Atùinang (asinang) – Tíya” toubini yunrillei. Tense ari verb heiyei kheen mukyer grammarei chay heiya ungrou. Grammar hilthungni mukyer kheen heiya tense toubi kani ungrou. Heingamni tense muphananung marker leirouda.

            Traditional grammarou tense aya past, present le future tense toubi khaithutlei. Heiya arap aya tlaipangei yunkril tlou kantangrou namyer leichi nimak. Maringa tlouwei tense ari yunthut tlou heiyei hil chanthungbi hoirou. Kani dākrei pi hutlharap aya thiyase.

v  Kei ānginung school ka.

v  Kei angtu school ka.

v  Kei atuinung school kalei.

v  Kei ninga school karou.

v  Kei ānginung Impāl kakur.

v  Kei asinung Impāl kalei.

v  Kei ninga Impāl karou.

Dourei pi tlou phalpheirap arou kani kheen lhai lhairei klei mukyer tlourapme tou muphalei. “Āngi, angtu, asi, ninga” anakshi kyao ani present, past, futurei kheen muyerlei.

           Maringa tloura tense kartāmyeirou Aspect le Modality khni ari tek workhou yamak.

Modality: Modality ari kchim, yulmak, kneeng, kpām phungthut heiya múkna. Maringa tlouwei verb affixrap –kur, -khou, -mak, -lak, -se, -nu, -lo anakshi ani modality mukyer siffixrapme. Maringa tloura “Churborhlhākkhoupirimakasenu” toubi yunyeirou root “chur” arou doplhāk suffixrap ani modality mukyer suffixrapme. Heiya arou “aspect marker” nimanung “tense” mukyer koukhi yaomaklei. Hoibinikhi tlou ari churthutmakhui touri muyerlei. Thimi thaniri “khou” ani past tense muyerme toubi yunlei. Heiya “-khou” ari definitive modality marker khatme, tense marker nimakme.

             Maringa tloura ka, kalei, cha, chalei tou ani infinitive tlou muyerlei. Heiya kounak kheenrou yenkyou, kounak lhāni leiyeirou tou kanre kandang kheen pi manimaklei. Ya namyer ari aspect merkerapme. Tense marker nimak.

Aspect: Aspect ari verble kalhonni leimalkna lim khatme. Ani lhou hei kounaksi wongra leilei, luilako, luimakhuiko tou heiya muyerlei. Maringa tloura aspect marker lim phlitam thukni khaithutlei.

                A). Simple Aspect (Infinitive)

                B). Progressive Aspect (Continuitive)

                C). Perfect Aspect (Completive)

                D). Unrealised Aspect (Non realization).

Aspect markerarp khminni munanung dakrei mye tlou phalphei aya thiyase:

1. Kei chethi mye.
2. Keini neinung chethi khat myelei.
3. Chethi hei bangei toukur lhoubam heiya phungthutbi myekur.
4. Ningakhi chethi lhaikhat hannui myethorou.

Sentence 1 ani kyengei chur lhou heiya muyerlei.Touri kheen kounakrou kyou, kounak lhāni churbi leirou tou muchangmaklei. Aya kani simple aspect toubi ungrou.

Sentence 2 ani asi asiyei churbi klei, chasundabi klei lhou heiya muyerlei. Asi asiyei chasundabi klei lhou heiya kani continuitive aspect toubi ungrou. Maringa tloura continuitive aspect hoinungei suffix lei,leihui,la anakshi lhākrou.

Sentence 3 ani rālkur kheenrou churwurkhou lhou heiya muyerlei. Rālkur kheenrou churwurkhou lhou heiya kani perfect aspect toubi ungrou. Maringa tloura perfect aspect hoinungei suffix kur, khou anakshi lhākrou.

Sentence 4 ani hungroukyou kheenrou churrou lhou heiya muyerlei. Hungroukyou kheenrou churrou lhou heiya kani unrealized aspect toubi ungrou. Maringa tloura unrealized aspect hoinungei suffix rou anakshi lhākrou.

A. SIMPLE ASPECT: Ani simple statement touri kyengei yun (yengei kyun), yoúkna mut heinakshi phungthut heiya muyerlei. Touri kounak kheenrou youkur heitoubi kounak lhāni chasundarou tou hei kanre-kandangni muyermaklei.

Hutlha:     Kei yuy kmong.

                 Kei chāk cha.

                 Kul karthilāngra kathuk.

B. PROGRESSIVE ASPECT: Ani youkur lhou hei chasundabi leilei heiya kheen kounakrou luirou muyermaklei.

Hutlha: Kei chāk chalei (chaleihui).

C. PERFECT ASPECT: Ani lhou hei chasundawurla, luila /luiwurla tou heiya muyerlei.

Hutlha:     Kei chāk chala (chawurla/chaloula).

                 Kei lhou chur luila.

D. UNREALISED ASPECT: Ani lhou hei chasundamakhui, lhou churyoumakhui, churkhi kya, churmakhi kya tou heiya muyerlei.

Hutlha:    Kei Impāl karou.

                 Kei neiya heichilheirou.

                 Kei ninga Marimchira kaleikhimumak.

Dākra hannuikhi thiyase:

Simple Aspect
	Singular	Plural
1st person	Keini malungshi	Kani malungshi
2nd person	Nangni malungshi	Nani malungshi
3rd person	Ani malungshi	Yani malungshi

Progressive Aspect
	Singular	Plural
1st person	Keini malungshilei	Kani malungshilei
2nd person	Nangni malungshilei	Nani malungshilei
3rd person	Ani malungshilei	Yani malungshilei

Perfect Aspect
	Singular	Plural
1st person	Keini malungshikur	Kani malungshikur
2nd person	Nangni malungshikur	Nani malungshikur
3rd person	Ani malungshikur	Yani malungshikur

Unrealised Aspect
	Singular	Plural
1st person	Keini malungshirou	Kani malungshirou
2nd person	Nangni malungshirou	Nani malungshirou
3rd person	Ani malungshirou	Yani malungshirou

Churnung lhou:

Q1. Maringa tloura Tense kouya ungo?

Q2. Aspect le Modality kouwo myelak.

Q3. Dākrei pi sentencerap aiyei aspect mutlak:

(a). Msatanyai nung kro.

(b). Ani hungdayeirouri kari lou-ipbura.

(c). Ningari asi-lumrou chaktham charouwa.

(d). Lungshi lungnabi lamsora loungāklei.

(e). Trùnwai kluk (trunluk) luibi neiya tulkhamrou.

(f). Ningari cherni nimakme, heiniri yinglam teknung yamakrou.

(g). Neiyei kyun tlounakshi bangnung hannuiri myekkurla.

(h). Ninga kei Impālra karou.

(i). Keikhi Maringa lailik khat phúngrou.

(j). Ari ningshunser tulkhang silthailei (silmthailei).