Wai 5.7: THE ADVERB

Wai 5.7: THE ADVERB

Tloulhang khatni verb, adjective nimanung dei adverb khatdei artha simchut heiya kani adverb toubi ung. Noun nimanung verbyei thang nimanung wong phungthut heiya kani modifier toubikhi murillei. Touri traditional grammarei adverb le adjective aya kani modifier toubikhi ungrou. Adverb aya khminni munanung kani dākrei sentencerap thiyase:

(1). Tungshilni khyāngni chanlei.

(2). Komla ā beimak (kathi) shimlei.

(3). Ochani topic aya kanre-kandangni shunmtupilei.

Sentence 1 rou, “khyangni” tou tloulhang ani kounakshi wongra chanlei, touri channei verb heiya simchutlei.

               

Sentence 2 rou, “beimak” (kathi) tou tloulhang ani kounakbil shimlei touri kshim yei verb heiya simchutlei.

Sentence 3 rou, “kanre-kandangni” tou tloulhang  ani kousilbil shunmtupilei, touri shunmtupi yei verb heiya simchutlei.

Dourei tloulhangrap khyangni, beimak, kanre-kandang arap aya adverb toubi lourou.

Kinds of Adverb:

A. SIMPLE ADVERB:

(1). Adverbs of Time:

• Kothil Impālra tlainiser kā.

• Ashinung kani lhou ā youlakase.
• Heininung Angdou hei thilni (thingni) yenkallengkur.

• Anak tlou ari keiri bangnungkhi myekkurla.

• Anginung Muikham kai cheemra wakhou.

Sentencerap arou “tlainiser, ashinung, thilni, bangnung, anginung” namyer ani kheen mutyerlei. Aya adverbs of time toubi ung.

(2). Adverbs of Frequency:

• Kei aya hannuitomkhi mumakkhui.
• Angthil kai cheemra tekkhi changmak.
• Nai pawani neiya kalleng kalleng hei-unglei.
• Keini neinang tul mongmaknung khnuibuy khāmthungla.

Sentencerap arou “hannuitom, tekkhi, kalleng-kalleng, khnuibuy” namyer ani kounakbuy msing sherthina muyerlei. Aya adverbs of frequency toubi ung.

(3). Adverbs of Place:

• Bi arou myunga (yukyunga)

• Lora wawa/ heira wawa.

• Ara hunga.

• Wachanga (waira wachanga).

• Choura / doura (nungthoura) katthilak.

• Dākra yukthilak.

• Hillāngra yenkallenga (yenkar-olla).

Sentencerap arou “bi-arou, lora (heira), ara, waira, choura, thakra, dākra, hillāngra” namyer ani “koura” tou muyerlei. Aya adverbs of place toubi ung.

(4). Adverbs of Manner:

• Rālthimi rālbamra kharakni rālkardoulei.
• Wari (tlourui) ā lhangaini myethutlei.
• Tungshil lhou kalni churlei.
• Kothil khna-marbi (namarbi) iplei.
• Shalya kār-oibi cha napuiyari umkurkhi baimak.

Sentencerap arou “kharakni, lhangaini, kalni, khna-marbi, kār-hoibi” namyer ani lhou heiyei wong mutyerlei. Aya adverbs of manner toubi ung.

(5).Adverbs of Degree or Quantity:

• Hei napawa hei tek chekshilmak.

• Kei namyer sim-sa (marshik) luila.

• A heinou ā mintrüllurame (minachekkurame)

Sentencerap arou “beimak, namyer, mintrül” namyer ani kousibil, kounakbil hoi heiya muyerlei. Aya adverbs of degree or quantity toubi ung.

(6). Adverbs of Affirmation or Negative:

• Keiri hei napuiyawiya mumanlhā′kur.
• Keiri aya mumak.
• Kei tanghakni neiya malungshi.

Sentencerap arou “mumanlhā, mumak, tanghak” namyer ani moi nimanung nimak heiya mutyerlei. Aya adverbs of affirmation or negation toubi ung.

(7). Adverbs of Reason:

• Ngamri ari chorit naimak napuiya.

• Ramni hlātdei leirilkur ngamni kardonkura.

• Heingamni nari nung´kngai pha.

               

B. INTERROGATIVE ADVERB:

• Todar koura leilei?
• Nang kouwei (kouniyei) hungo?
• Nang koungammei chapkuro?
• Neiyei cha napawa (ránglam) kounak lungleiyo?
• Marimchi yul kounak lhāleiyo?
• Nang koutoubi yul arou hungleikuro?

Sentencerap arou “koura, kouwei (kouniyei), koungammei, kounak, koutoubi” namyer ani kngaiyei tlou muyerlei. Arap aya kani interrogative adverb toubi ung.

C. RELATIVE ADVERB:

• Aya phanphopbi manlouna bi hei koutamrouwo /koumashāngrouwo ?

• Chandel bus pung kounakrou hungdarouwo?

• Neiya malungshi ngamni neiya tulshorkur.

• Keiya pukna yul bi arouwei masakhatdei ram.

Sentencerap arou “bi-koutamrou, pung-kounak, malungshi-tulshor, pukna yul-ram” namyer khatle khat mri lei´kril muyerlei. Heini aya kani relative adverb toubi ungrou.

Churnung lhou:

Q1.          Adverb kouya ungo? Hutlha pilak.

Q2.          Adverbyei limrap kou kouwo?

Q3.          Simple adverbyei limrap myelak.

Q4.          Interrogative adverb kouwo?

Q5.          Relative adverb kouya ungo?