Wai 16: COMPOSITION

Wai 16: COMPOSITION

Paragraph Writing:

                Kani tlainiserei pao-laara nimanung lailik khatdei wari myekhounara karthanglei, touri bam khat khatdei lamkri younarei thyalāngra beicha wachangbi pao-laa nimanung wari hei youlei. Heinakshi sentencerap aya kani paragraph toubi ung. Heinakshi sentencerap heini wari, essay kalhonni dei dei proserapya pāyeinung klai hoikyer. Paragraph khyer youwanungri heini wari nimanung topic mallengna mukyer.

Definition: Paragraph tou ari sentencerap karbupni toubungbi wari khatya nimanung topic khatya simbāng heiya ung.

Principles of paragraph structure:

1. Unity:- Paragraph khat simyeinung lamkri lilkhoini mulhākrou principle heiri unity, touri paragraph kantangni aimsa aimsayei topic nimanung idea heiyatom phungthutrou.
2. Order:- Subject nimanung topic heiyei ngamrou paragraph myelanung kneeng phungthut hei wai knaini touri thangknaini simthutbi myethutrou. Thukkur lhoubam nimanung kheen heiyei ka′kna hilthungni myethutrou.
3. Variety:- Myethut paragraph heiyei sentence simbāng hei khyang – thum simbini chammei sim paragraph hoiyermakrouda.

Hutlha:

Maringayei you′kna lhoutou

                Maringayei chaan khatrou kheen kheennei hilthungni you′kna lhoutou kounak leilei. Kumran hungyeirou phungtung cher churthutlei. Thrainung yuyding makat, cheemlhou tou, palsha (palthung bun), lam′klai, thil′klai, pāryao bun, chā-da, chul′klai, trunluk, chā martam, anakshi churthutlei. Hnulou-chalouyei kheenrou tulkham, tulshor churthutlei. Phung khatdei rilra loukril dawanung pinglam kloume toubi mungna tāntee lourou, ngaimankhou napuiya khatya phung rillei napawa khatni loukur dawanung leilhāng tāntee lourou, dei phung napawani loulanung leipum tāntee lourou. Cha nao phayeirou nao-manshimlei, khna-utlei, minphuklei, cheem khyer sa kluibi cheemchanglei. Kna-ksa leiyanung theemni kna thuilei. Khi yaowanung khiruy, khithro churthutlei. Asitoubi Maringayei chaan khatdei churthutbam lhoulam you′kna kounak marngeibi khoulei.

Letter Writing:

               

                Singkhei, lailik khei thimirapni chethi koutoubi lhangaini myerou, heitoubi loupa thimiyei khyal toudarou tou namyer mulhākrouda. Ngamri tlaipang thimiyei kneeng lungnanung, lhou khat churthutnanung, lalhwol thimiraple pao-laa phaorilnanung, bamtang lhou khat phananung anakshi lhoubamrou chethi lhangaini mye beimak darkar hoi.

Forms of Letters:

                Chethi ā lim chungni leiyanungkhi (minlhang hoini pluirapnung mye chethi, lalhwolnei chethi, malungshinei mye chethi) dākrei forms of letter ari yama yaochirou.

1. Heading (arou myethimiyei address le tarik yaorou).
2. Salutation (arou min-ungnei yaorou).
3. Body/Message (arou chethi heiyei phú/lúng yaorou).
4. Conclusion (arou chethi mye luilhāknei yaorou).
5. Signature.
6. Address (arou envelope doura myenung address hoirou).

Heading: Heading arou myethimi heini bi kourei leibi mye, tarik kounakkei mye tou muyerlei.(Bi heiyei postal address lungni, reply yenmletyeinung hungdanung address pirou). Heading heiri chethi heiyei thyalāng – doura khourou.

                                                                                                       

Nungourok Village

P.O.Pallel, Chandel Dist.

Manipur – 795135.

16.02.1993.

Salutation: Greeting arou myethimi le leikril mri hilthungni koutoubi ung tou heinakshi myerou.

Cheemkhur thiminang chethi myelanungri asitoubi ungrou:

                Malungshi′kna pawa, Kei malungshi nuwi, Malungshi′kna pamo.

Pluisopharapnung mye chethi hoiyanung:

                Malungshi plui, Malungshi Mothel, Malungshi Temui,

                Malungshi manei.

Mitkhngouwei tlou “Dear” tou ani khyingei formal tlou hoirilbi klei ngamni Maringayei chethi myenaroukhi “Dear” aya yrengcharillei. Asitoubi:

               

                Dear pawa, Dear nuwi, Dear pamo, Dear plui, Dear Mothil.

Body: Body ani chethi heiyei phú hoilei. Arou chethi myenei tloubam namyer yaowura. Chethi myenei style heikhi arou mupharou. Pluinang mye chethile lalhwolnei mye chethile mālnamak heikhi arou mupharou.

                (a). Chethi thumni mye nimakni dei dei chethira lamkrini

       tum tum hoini simthutlak.

                (b). Chethi myenarou klai tlou heitoubi kyeng tlouyatom

       yrengchalak. Sentence khyangni myemak, heini loupa

       thiminung duini beso-bebal mumak hoiyerou.

                (c). Chethi hei waisoni myekhoulak.

                (d). Chethi hei marthingni, knālni (manílni) myelak.

                (e). Comma, semi-colon, fullstoprap namyer bichanara

       lhāklak.

Conclusion: Chethi luilhākna lhangaini simbi luilhāklak. Touri myethimiyei minchatom lhākbi luilhāklanung chethi hei kallomakrou. Heiniri dākrei anakshi lhākbi luilhāklak.

                Neiyei cha samran, Neiyei plui, Nei manei.

Signature: Conclusionnei hek dākra sign nimanung chethi mye thimiyei min lhākrou. Dākrei anakshini myerou:

Lg Parshung Kothilran.

Address: Ari chethikhumra myelhākrou. Ari beimak lilkhoi khat. Ngamri chethi hei kounak lhangaini kalloni myelanungkhi walungroukyou bi heini klalni myelanungri nimanung leso-lelatduranungri pharoukyou thimi heiniri tek pha manimarou. Heiniri address hei kanre-kandangni kchimni myerouda.

Hutlha hoini:

                                                Mm. Parshung Kothilran

                                                Village Chairman

                                                Beuhlaram Village

                                                P.O.Pallel

                                                Manipur 795135.

Classification of Letters:

                Lhoubammei hilthungni chethirap aya kani asitoubi khaithut yalei. Heiri:

               

(1). Social Letter (Pluinung mye chethi, malungshi khatnung mye chethi, pui-panung mye chethi, cheemkhur-loukhurnung mye chethi).

(2). Business Letter (Lalhwolnei mye chethi, application myebāngnei chethi, pao-laa officera myebāng chethi, governmentnung myebāng chethi).

Hutlha: (1) Malungshi maneinung mye chethi:

Maringlane,

New Checkon, Imphal

16.12.1996.

Malungshi manei,

                Ramkhei lhānarei leithungkur, keiyei malungshi manei, neiyei bamra angtu lhouyangei malungshi aya chethi hoini hutthul manthunthunglei. Lhouyangei sholungrei kneeng kounak kanyerthung ani maneiyei bamra marhot kounak piyanungkhi youkhapimakno manei.

                Kousi kousi sonleiyo? Nungk′ngaini louleiroume toubi uklumlei. Nungkhatnuiri karungniyei lungshi lungnabi lamsora lungrilroume toubini uklumni lhouyang keikhi sonlei.

Masayei tanglani katwaryeinung sorwani sherchichangmakni katduinakshi lhouyangei malungshikhi tlainiser katduileime. Reidangei karyui mairungya muphaweise ningchabini lhouyangei nilrungkhi sonleime angtupha. Manei, shimlei-thangwanni treembongtlim, yuini-meini mitbangyenri kanthritmakni malungshiroume manei neiya. Tlaipangei yaithi-yailimni nanbinikhi, sherchichangmak klahni thimbinikhi manei neinungei mayungleime. Lhouyang sholungrei marchalkur maneiyei karyui mairungri tekkhi kmit naikhoumarou. Simpipuni kounakei lhangaini lungtrim neiya simkhoupiya! Thinarou lhouyang sholung pil-kham naimakleime.Tlainiserou kheenserou maneiyei karyui mairungyatom thinileime. Wanshang ningshunnei radainakshi thang allei neiyei mairung. Laoyotrou heithi neiyei mitthini lhouyang sholung malhimyerlei. Hungalo maneiyo! lhouyang keiyei thrungna bamra.

                “Oh Simpipuwo! malungshi reidang ayari nungk′ngaini khoupilakno. Phungtung cherni hungyeirou, reidang aiyei malungshi pārbamra hungthrungeise nungkhatnuiri. Kheen heirou reidangei karyui mairungya hanuitomcha hoiyanungkhi muyerpilakno. Laoyotrou heithi aiyei mitthi… sholung pilni thikhouweise. Reidangei marhui naimak muiknam pārkhrimya khyouram-taoram karyouni Maringa chingshāng karbupni kanchai hoiniyaso” Angtunungri keiyei chethi arou luiyeise. Hakarao nungk′ngaini sonniyano kei malungshi manei.

Neiyei manei,

Mm Modar

(2). School teknei Ochanung mye chethi:

Maringlane,

New Checkon, Imphal

16.12.2008.

To,

The Principal

The Shining Hills Academy

Khuyaikhu

Subject: School teknei yapinanung bucha.

Rikraichilkna Ocha,

Ralkur tlainirou kei bur chubi, mkhubi leikur ngamni kei school ka manimakura. Heini malungshipibi keiyei school tekkur heiya Ochani yapinanung shunchalei.

Neiyei ruishik,

Tanim Morung

Class – X, Section A

INVITATION / KHUL PAO (KHUL-KAI)

Hutlha:

                Lg/Mm/Sm/Rd Darlei Korung Pa Darlei Anglourung Bi Marimchi Yultang rei klei neiyei bamra rikrai chilni kanyerchalei. Hung tarik 20/02/2002 kummei Sunna tānglayei phangani pālbang Phunni tlainiyei ningshun pung 10 dayei kheenrou keiyei khyerei (rannei) sabāng cheem aya changnanung marshiklei.

                Cheemchang kneitang arou kheen karchuni polhākpibi yarekna laa sabini, phung dārkhi kyaoni khonloi nuybini churthutmālnanung shunchalei. Chepāng ani runghut hoibi khulkai kanyerthung aya yulmakni pochangpinanung theemkhui, lhouwa, pu-pi namyerei bamra buchaleime.

                                Kanril,

Yorshung Leitol,

Karyemkhu palthung,

Kangoi chingshāng.

COMPREHENSION

                Comprehension tou ari tlourui tumkhatya lamkrini pithutbi heirou tlou-ngai kounak kngaibi marnothralya khei-sing chāng thi heiya ung. Parkha kantangrou asinung comprehension ayei siruk yaolei. Ani parkha lha thimiyei khei-sing, khyal ludok, thumlepchayei kheenrou loulhāk mani heiyei chāng thinalei. Comprehension touyei kheenrou mulhāknung tha leilei.

Heiri:

1.       Tlourui tum heiya khminni pathutbi hoùrei tlou-lung heiya mulhāknanung lāknarou.

2.       Duini mulhāknanung hannuikhi kallengni khminni pathorou.

3.       Tlou-ngairap hei kouwa kngai tou khminni mulhāknanung lāknarou. Heitoubi tlourui heiya thibi kei msayei tlou-wongra myethutbi rulrou.

4.       Sentence lhungni myethutrou, touri waisokhourou.

5.       Tloulhangei artha kngai hoiyanungri hei yaleilimri kai msayei tlou-wongra rulkhourou.

Hutlha:

        Bangei youbini Maringa napuiyarapni phi-punshel kounak kyekbini cheemai khatdei darkār hoi kounak marshikbi katlei. Rpotni nimanung phaini taphu lhangai lhangaini simbi phi-punshel yekthutlei. Napawayei lingkham phikyil, linglik, murshum, rulshum, rulshum-khrul, hutsi, horumshin, makhap, nathang, heitoubi napuiyawei karkhup phikham, linglik, lingkhang, lumlher, riho, kungoirei, shamkin, hutshin, shangkairui anakshini Maringayei phirul-phibāng hoinalei. Kheen kheennei hilchanthungbi Maringarapni phi-punshel lhai lhai yrengcharillei. Minlhang hoini khuingallu, langphai, ngoupun, phimul-rālput, mongchal, muidou-karkhup, shamkin-karkhup, kungoi, lukhumrei, pungpun, khnikcha, aihaphi, khemchi linglik anakshiya yrengcharillei.

ESSAY

                Essay touri lākna heiya ung. Pibi klei topic heiyei lhoulamrou kanre-kandangni myethutnanung lākna heiya essay toubi ung. Arou myerou thimi heini pibi klei tloubam heiyei wong lānglim hei thang-knaini tlou karchu yrengchabi myethutrou.

                Essay khat myethutnarou wai khyumtam thukyerou – Introduction, Body heitoubi Conclusion.

(1). Introduction: Essay heiyei tlou youthutna ari lilkhoi wai khat. Introduction ani lhangaiyanung essay hei pā′kni pukyerou. Introduction ari thumlepchani myelanung duini lhangai. Arou definition, quotation lhāk kya, kalhonni topic heiya urbāngnanung lampur simthutyerou.

(2). Body: Essayhakri arime toubi lou kya. Maibang trükhārni introduction heitoubi Incho trükhārni conclusion toubi loubini Body ani cheemhakme toubi lourou.

                Lamkrini tlou lhangai karchurou heiya holthutbi neiyei ukningrei ningcha heiyei hilthungni wai knaini thang-thang simthutbi myethutlak.Paragraph khat khat simthutbi idea hei khatle khat maryomrillak. Tlou-chui yaomakni point heiyatom kanre-kandangni myethutlak.

(3). Conclusion: Essay heiyei luilhākna hei lhangaini simbi luilhāklak. Myeroukyou body essay heiyei tloubam thumlepchani myethutrou, quotation lhāk maniyanung heikhi myekhourou, heitoubi luilhāknei tlou myekhoubi luilhākrou.

Classification of Essays: Essay aya kani phangatam thukni khaithutlei.

1.Reflective Essays.                                            2. Narrative Essays.

3.Descriptive Essays.                                          4. Expository Essays.

5.Imaginative Essays.

Reflective Essays: Ari abstract hoi tloubam touri mannokur (heinakur), chingshāngei ngamrou kartāmbi myethut heiya reflective essay tou ung. Hutlha hoini: a). habits, qualities, b). social, politics, domestic topics – Dun, karning, government, cheempal-loupal, tulshor, lalhwol anakshi c). philosophical subjectrap – kchim, klal anakshi.

Narrative Essays: Kounakshi thukkur lhoubam khatdei ngamrou mye essay heiya narrative essay toubi ung. Mrekna (Games & Sports), karkhalkril, karhoukril, thikthui-dānthui, ram-kuicha anakshiyei ngamrou mye essay aya kani narrative essay toubi ungrou.

Descriptive Essays: Descriptive essay ari thimi, ningka (putchei), bi, yā, cheem, heengtrung, thinga, anakshiyei ngamrou myethut essay heiya descriptive essay toubi ungrou.

Expository Essays: Subject khatdei ngamrou exposition toubi mye heiya expository essay toubi ungrou. Lhouchurnei ngamrou (phailou, yekkul, ya-

yek, pressra lailik knam), prose, poetry, novel anakshiyei ngamrou myethut essay heiya expository essay toubi ungrou.

Imaginative Essays: Ukningei ningcha heiya simbi myethut essay heiya imaginative essay toubi ung. Arou mye thimi ani myethut tloubam kounakrou hannuitomkhi yaothimakhui, hoithimakhui. Heiyei ngamrou ukningni ningchabi myethut heitomni. “Keini Chief Minister hoiyanungri”, “Keini Maringayei chingshāngrak hoiyanungri”, “Keini krung hoiyanungri” anakshiyei tloulamra myethut essay heiya imaginative essay toubi ung.

Hutlha:

RKHĀNG

                Rkhāng ari Maringayei bangei nuter-paterapbei chaanthakrouwei yenyoubini phunkur bam khat. Maringa yul kantangrou rkhāng namyer leichilei. Rkhāng arou yul-yullei sunpār-douwathral, nangak karlhang namyerni ruichalrou. Nangak karlhangrapni hnu-shal phabi cheempālbongtlim rkhāng arou leirou. Maringa chingshāngrou yul yullei rkhāng ani marnocheem hoibi Maringayei you′kna phung dār, rkhāng knuy, rkhāng laa-sa, shrengseng chun kounak marnopilei.

                Khangshellakni rkhāng heiyei upa hoirou. Khangshellak napawani karlhang rkhāngei upa hoirou heitoubi khangshellak napuiyani nangak rkhāngei upa hoirou. Khangshellakrapni rkhāng heiyei lhangainanung ruipirou. Rkhāngrou ruichalkur thimi namyerni tlainiser rkhāng heirou tekmakni karou. Rkhāngrou ruichalkur thimi namyerni yullai heirou thuk kneitang kounakrou rui urbi lhou churrou. Yuy wanarou, meirup heeng phanarou, chāk an thungnarou, anchum yernarou rkhāng thimini ruipirou. Pāryao bun, hnulou-chalou, khi-ruy, khi-thro, lamklai, tuytrum-kngei, palsha (palthung bun), cheemchang, inloiya chun, minphuk, trun kluk anakshi knei lhouthuk kounakrou rkhāng thimirapni rui urbi churthutrou.

                Rkhāng khyer sanarou yullai thimi namyerni karmābi sarou. Cheemlhun kantangni ai-ai manicha makatbini rkhāng aya luinanung sarou. Lapa, sai, an, tul, anna-louna makatbini khyerrei sa rkhāng hei cheemchangrou. Karlhang rkhāng, nangak rkhāng lhai lhai sarou. Karlhanga khatni nangak rkhāngra wachangnung yamakrou. Heinakshini nangaka khatni karlhang

rkhāngra wachang yamakrou. Kounak nangak rkhāngrei nangaka khatni selam (thram) urkur dawanung rkhāng touborhnei napuiya heiwini n′ngok (hok) khatle tulkhang khat chuirouda.

                Anakshini rkhāng ani Maringa lim ayei tangbāng choubāngnara lam ruipilei. Rkhāng ani Maringayei chaylam, you′kna kounak marnopibi yuthak chaanthakrou klal lhou churmaknung kmit naimak kchim lhoulamya simkhoupilei.

Wai-so