Wai 1.4: CONSONANT

Wai 1.4: CONSONANT

                Tlaipang thimini hou khat yunthutnarou nil shothutnei nilsholam heirou nil tip, karchiplhāk, pingkhalnakshi pibi thuk hou heiya consonant toubi ung.

                Thimiyei tlou yunnara lilkhoini yrengbi klei vocal organrap beicha kartāmnanung dākrei myekbi khou diagram aya thiyase:

               

               

                Kani shuk, sam, shun, shit, sui, shi, lha, hu anakshi yunyeirou sh, s, lh, le h myekrapbei hourap nilsholam pingkhalbi thuk hounakshi myekphalei. Anakshi hourap aya consonant toubi ung.

Kani consonantyei hou muphananung dākrei bamrap kartāmase.

1. Hourap hei yunthutyeinung kani nilshothutko nimanung nilsholhākko tou hei lamkrini thirou. Nilshothutbi kyun hou heiya kani explosives toubi mu´kna. Khatni nilsholhākbi kyun hou heiya kani implosives toubi mu´kna.
2. Hourap hei yunthutyeinung vocal cordraple glottis hei maryāni leiyanung heiya kani voiceless toubi ung. Kounak vocal cordrap karsambi kanthinganung heiya kani voiced toubi ungrou.
3. Hourap hei hannuikhi kani kh′napurei hou nimanung murrei hou toubikhi martumthutlei. Soft palate khangchoubi kh´napurei nilsholam tipbini yunthut hou heiya kani oral voice toubi mu´kril.
4. Hourap yunthutyei kheenrou wathuk nilsho heini cavityra (marthikao) karthengkhoubi wathuk hou heiya kani non-pulmonic toubi mu´kna. Kounak nilsho heini dei cavityra karthengkhoumakni hou wathukanungri heiya kani pulmonic toubi ungrou.
5. Hou thukyernanung trängträngei (pharphar) klei murchidāk le mlei aya kani active articulators toubi mu′kna. Murchithak le mur thakrei klei namyer kani passive articulators toubi ungrou.

Place of Articulation:-

                Consonantrap aya kani articulation bamrap hilthungni minlhangthutlei. Articulation bamrap dākra myethutbi kartāmase.

i.                    Bilabial: Nilsholamrou wathuk nilni murchi khnitam marchipbi wathukyer hou heiya bilabial hou toubi ung. Maringa tloura “Pa, Pha, Ba le Ma” arap aya bilabial hou toubi ung.

ii.                 Dental or Alveolar: Nilsholamrou wathuk nilni haa nimanung haali (teeth ridge) le mleisurle karthengbi wathukyer hou heiya dental nimanung alveolar hou toubi ung. Maringa tloura “Ta, Tha, Da, Na le La” aya alveolar hou toubi mu´kril.

iii.                 Palatal: Mlei maibang ani active articulator heitoubi hard palate ani passive articulator hoibi wathukyer hou heiya palatal hou toubi ung. Maringa tloura “Cha, Ya le Sa” aya palatal hou toubi ung.

iv.                 Velar: Mleihil ani active articulator heitoubi soft palate ani passive articulator hoibi wathuk hou heiya velar hou toubi ung. Maringa tloura “Ka, Kha le Nga” aya velar hou toubi ung.

v.                 Glottal: Vocal cord khnini karchipbi nilsholamrei wathuk nil heiya tiplhākbi wathuk hou heiya glottal hou toubi ung. Maringa tloura “Ha” aya glottal hou toubi mu´kril.

Manner of Articulation: Manner of articulation ani nilsholamra wathuk nil heiya organs of speechrapni koutoubi tip (restrict) nimanung pingkhal namyer muyerlei.

(1) Complete closure: Active articulatorap le passive articulatorap khär karthengrilbi nil heiya murrouwei pothutmaknung (nilshothutmaknung) pingkhal (tipkhal) heiya complete closure toubi ung.

         a). Stop: Hou heiya yunthutyeirou nil hei lepchanung nilshothingkhoubi khanglat latbi wathukyer hou heiya stop hou toubi ung.

                Maringa tloura “Pa, Ta, Ka, Pha, Tha, Kha, Ba, Da arap aya stop hou toubi mu´kna.

           b). Affricates: Active articulator heini passive articulator heirouwei yoù (slowly) louthutdurbi wathuk nillei hou heiya kani affricates toubi ung. Maringa tloura affricates hou myekphamak.

          c). Nasal: Active articulator le passive articulator khär karthengrilbi nilshothingkhoubi soft palateni nimshundabi nil heini khnapurle murra wathuk hou heiya nasal toubi ung. Maringa tloura “Ma, Na le Nga” aya nasal houme toubi mu´kna.

(2). Intermittent closure: Intermittent closure arou soft palateni khāngchoubini nil hei khnapura pingkhallei.

         a). Rolled or Trills Consonants: Active articulatorni passive articulatora kalleng-kalleng karthengnarou active le passive articulator tlakra nil karlhei hou heiya trills nimanung rolled consonant toubi ung. Maringa tloura anakshiyei hou mak.

                b). Taps or Flaps: Active articulatorni passive articulatora hannuitomcha karthengkhoubi ayei bamra kallenglhāklei. Heiya kani flaps toubi ung. Maringa tloura “Ra” ā flaps yei hoú.

(3). Partial closure: Active le passive articulatorapni khär karthengbi soft palateni khāngchounarou khnapurei nil pingkhallei. Mleiyei thyoi-thyarei klei wānna bamra nil thukyerbi wathuk hou heiya lateral toubi ung. Heiya kani partial closure toubikhi mu´kna. Maringa tloura “La” aya lateral toubi mu´kril.

(4). Close approximation: Nilsholamrei kathuk nil heini active le passive articulatorei karsikna tlakra karlheibi wathuk hou heiya fricatives toubi ung. Maringa tloura “Sa, Ha” aya fricatives hou toubi ung.

                Hourap aya yunthutnarou nilsholam pingkhalkur ngamni wathuk nil hei hiltoni leithungurbi “Ha” nakshi hou khat myekphalei. Heiya kani aspiration toubi ung. Kani “Pa, Ta, Ka” hou mletthutyeirou hilra “Ha” nakshi hou khat hiltoni leithung myekphalei. Heiya aspirated hou ungrou.

Dourei kartāmkur bamrap thibi Maringa tlouwei consonant hourapbei articulator descriptionrap dākra minlhangbi myethutlei.

P=Pa yei hou	Bilabial	Voiceless	Plosives	Unaspirated
T=Ta yei hou	Alveolar	Voiceless	Plosives	Unaspirated
K=Ka yei hou	Velar	Voiceless	Plosives	Unaspirated
Ph=Pha yei hou	Bilabial	Voiceless	Plosives	Aspirated
Th=Tha yei hou	Alveolar	Voiceless	Plosives	Aspirated
Kh=Kha yei hou	Velar	Voiceless	Plosives	Aspirated
B=Ba yei hou	Bilabial	Voive	Plosives	Unaspirated
D=Da yei hou	Alveolar	Voice	Plosives	Unaspirated
Ch=Cha yei hou	Palatal	Voiceless	Plosives	Unaspirated
M=Ma yei hou	Bilabial	Nasal	--	--
N=Na yei hou	Alveolar	Nasal	--	--
Ng=Nga yei hou	Velar	Nasal	--	--
L=La yei hou	Alveolar	Lateral	--	--
R=Ra yei hou	Bilabial	Voice	--	--
H=Ha yei hou	Glottal	Fricative	--	--
W=Wa yei hou	Bilabial	(Semivowel)	--	--
Y=Ya yei hou	Palatal	(Semivowel)	--	--
S=Sa yei hou	Palatal	Fricative	--	--

		Bilabial		Alveolar		Palatal		Velar		Glo ttal
		Voice	Voice less	Voice	Voice less	Voice	Voice less	Voice	Voice less
P	Unas pirated	Ba	Pa	Da	Ta		Cha		Ka
L
O	Aspi rated		Pha		Tha				Kha
S
I	Nasal	Ma		Na				Nga
V
E
	Lateral	Ra		La
	Frica tive						Sa			Ha
		Wa				Ya

                Dourei kartāmkur hourap hilthungni ka Maringayei tlou arou consonant tangbopni myek-lha 18 (chiple t´chot) lunglei. Heirap heiri minlhang hoini dākra myethutlei.

P =Pa yei hou	T =Ta yei hou	K =Ka yei hou
Ph =Pha      ”	Th =Tha   ”	Kh =Kha    ”
B =Ba          ”	D =Da       ”	Ch =Cha     ”
M =Ma        ”	N =Na       ”	Ng =Nga     ”
L =La           ”	R =Ra        ”	H =Ha         ”
W =Wa        ”	Y =Ya        ”	S =Sa          ”

 Consonant Clusters:

                Maringa tloura consonant khni/khyum/phlitambil lhāk yalei. Anak consonantrap aya kani consonant clusters toubi ung.

Initial:

Kwār                      Khwa                     Khrul                      Khung                    Kyou

Khman                   Khyouram               Phyui                      Phyou                    Klah

Khlung                   Phrul                       Mrao                      Trung                     Phnei

Thrung                   Khmong.

Medial:

Chakrung              Mantrang              Mukyer  Heengtrung

Churtrung              Manthral               Muiknam

Final:

Ping                        Púng                       Borh

Consonantrap namyer initial bamra khou kya. Heiya consonant beiri medialra nimanung final bamra khoukhi yalei. Hutlha:

Consonant	Initial	Medial	Final
P	Púng	Kapām	Khup
T	Túng	Pater	Thut
K	Kung	Muíknam	Khuk
Ph	Phúng	Rapha	--
Th	Thúng	Wathuk	--
Kh	Khúng	Lukhum	--
B	Bung	Bebung	--
D	Dúng	Tèdùn	--
Ch	Chung	Wachang	--
M	Múng	Khmong	Dum
N	Núng	Manei	Dún
Ng	Ngāl	Lhangai	Dúng
L	Lúng	Malung	Madul
R	Rung	Korung	Mandur
H	Hung	Ārhong	Klah
W	Wānsang	Thangwan	--
Y	Yúng	Wayui	Nuy
S	Sung	Masanung	--

Churnung lhou:

Q1.          Consonant kouya ungo?

Q2.          Explosives le Implosives yei khit´kna mutlak.

Q3.          Voiced le Voiceless kouya ungo? Oral voice heini kouya mu´knawo?

Q4.          Pulmonic le Non-pulmonic khit´kna mutlak.

Q5.          Active articulators, Passive articulators kouya ungo?

Q6.          Place of articulation kartāmlak.

Q7.          Manner of articulation kartāmlak.

Q8.          Maringayei tloura consonant kounak lungleiyo? Minlhangbi myethutlak.

Q9.          Consonant cluster kouwo? Initial, medial le final hilthungni hutlha

                khyumtamsol pilak.