Wai 4.1: THE SENTENCE

Wai 4.1: THE SENTENCE

Sentence tou ari thimi thani “artha tho-rung lungei pumphawei klei tlou” heiya yunlei. Chaylam dākra phrase, clause tloulhāngrap karbungbi subjectle predicate toubi khaithut kya heiya sentence (tlou-phalphei) toubi ungrou.

·         Kei Impālra kalei.

·         Maringa pālkanthouna ramminri kulvi songsong ung.

·         Keime (arou –me ari copula toubi lourou).

·         Maneiri kouyulreiyo?

·         Phalbi lumrou thur dalei.

·         Keini shrim-an mailei, Modunni nlui-an mailei.

·         Yuy lhangaini songlak, ara kanteklei.

·         Neiho kukmakni lhangaini sungbi iplak.

·         Mraole mar′em marhāllanung khmong thukrouko?

Dourei myethut hutlhārap arou kmu manila touri tlou-phalphei khat tou ari lhai-lhai tlou-phalphei khatrouwei duini kleikhi yalei. Thani independent clause khatchatom yaolei, deini independent clause khatrouwei duini yaolei. Kani sentence aya clause structure hilthungni simple, compound le complex sentence toubi khaithutlei.

1. Simple sentence: Independent clause khatchatommei sim sentence heiya simple sentence toubi ungrou.

-          Kei Impālra kalei.

-          Modunri ángkhnuiyei hung.

-          Kei hak choulei.

2. Compound sentence: Independent clause khni nimanung khnirouwei duiya co-ordinator nimanung conjunctionni maryombi sim sentence heiya compound sentence toubi ungrou.

-          Keini Impālra karou, Meshimni cheem sāthungrou.

-          Keiri phrulla chi, Mophomri uiya chi.

3. Complex sentence: Independent clause le independent clause maryombi sim sentence heiya kani complex sentence toubi ungrou.

                -  Maringa yul kantangei tlou bei beicha khitnalei heiya phirul phibāngri mālnalei.

Sentence yei limrap:

Kani sentence ayei phungthut nimanung múkyer wongra thibini lim thruktam thukni khaithutlei.

1. Assertive or Declarative Sentence: Chammei-kyengei phungthut tlou heiya assertive nimanung declarative sentence toubi ung.

·         Angkhulni tlainiser school kalei.

·         Kulni karthil lāngra kathuklei.

2. Negative Sentence: Negative sentence toulanung kani nimak, leso-lelat, yanimak phungthut heiya múkril. Maringa tloura negative sentenceri suffix doplhākbi simrou. Suffixrap heiri “-mak, makrou, marou (makarou)” anakshime. Suffixrap ari verbyei hilratom doplhāk yalei. Adverb, adjective, nounraprou negative simnanung hilra “nimak” lhākrou.

Hutlha:  Chamak, Churmak, Thinimak, Wachangmakrou,

                                Hungmarou, Lailik nimak, Hutmsin nimak.

2. Interrogative Sentence: Kngai mu´kna tlou heiya interrogative sentence toubi ung. Maringa tloura interrogative sentenceri suffix doplhākbi simrou. Suffixrap heiri “-ko, wo, yo, la, ra” anakshime. Prefix hoini “kou, hu” ani chungni yourou.

Hutlha:  Maneiko?

                                Kourangawo?

                                Koura leileiyo?

                                Chāk cha luila?*

                                Mothil hungura?*

                                Huweiyo? Huwo? Hu?

                                Huni manila?

Nai paterri chingshāngrak hoiko?

Nang school karouko?

*Dourei pi “luila, hungura” arou “ko” lhākmakanungkhi sentenceri sim yalei.

Question mark “?” ani interrogative sentenceyei luinara khourou.

N.B:        Moi nimanung Nimak ni lourul kya tlou-kngai heiya verbal nimanung close-ended question toubi ung. Moi nimanung Nimak ni lourul yamak tlou-kngai heiya pronominal nimanung open-ended question toubi ung.

3. Imperative Sentence: Imperative ari watyil nimanung bucha, shuncha anakshiya múkyerme.Imperative ani Maringa tloura root, verb nimanung verb phrasera “lak, wa, nga, lo” anakshi doplhākbi simrou.

·         Douwa hoinani, heirei lailik beicha hei-mlānpilo.

·         Table dourei (klei) lailik ara (keinung) yenpilo.

·         Lhou ā beicha churpilo.

·         Nang lailik marnolak.

·         Nang khrangni wawa.

4. Optative Sentence: Hoiyaso toubi phungthut tlou heiya optative sentence toubi ung. Optative ani Maringa tlouwei verb formra “-so,lak,lo” anakshi suffixrap doplhākbi simrou.

·         Dunpuni neiya kalhonpi hoiniyaso.

·         Nang nung´kngai pha hoiniya.

·         Nang lhāni thrung hoiyalo.

5. Exclamatory Sentence: Ukningra thuk phaonakshi phungthut tlou heiya exclamatory sentence toubi ung.

·         Yakhuwei phungrol umkurri kounakkei ningninawa!

·         Kounakkei rikraina lhoubamma!

·         Ihe! Dikkura.

Exclamatory mark “!” ā exclamatory sentence heiyei luinara khourou.

Maringa tloura sentence khat simyeirou lilkhoini subject + object + verb lhākbi simrou. Verb ani kheenserou object ayei hilra khourou.

Hutlha:

                Kei chak chalei.

     (subject + object + verb)              

Subject	Object	Verb
Kothilni	bol	mthuilei
Keini	neiya	mlungshilei

Maringa tloura Object+Subject+Verb toubikhi sim yalei. Dourei pi tloulhāngrap kani atoubikhi myethut yalei:

-          Bol Kothilni mthuilei.

-          Neiya keini mlungshilei.

Churnung lhou:

Q1.          Sentence kouya ungo? Hutlha pilak.

Q2.          Sentence yei limrap minlhang pibi myelak.

Q3.          Dākrei pi tloulhangrap lhākbi sentence simlak.

                (Phangatam tom rullak.)

Mumanlha;          Nál;                        Nardou;                 Karyāl;                  Malao;                   Annamtang;         Phaldik;                 Ho tatmalluk;             Malām;                 Thik;                      Kanchun;              Unthiklhup;          Yarek;                    Yuyshani bok;     Marúm;                 Kar-um;                 Kar-úm;                 Trushumbao;       Kalè;                      Malè;                     Umtor;                   Omtung;                                Martàm;                                Hutthinnei mthai Sai homthai;         Incho;                    Thulkhùm;            Yùngphu;              Tallengni;                Mandonni;            Daipha;                 Touchok;              Thùnchok;            Takka āng;           Lhānyao;              Dārkep;

Mur marchip;       Kantèna;               Lingkhat (kumkhatdei pukmālna);

Mannam mannam;                            Phopnara;             Khwa tungka;      Kho-lamun;          Chaichi.