Friday, March 8, 2013

Yaona Minlhang

            Tlourol                                                                                                                                               
01.        Phonology                                                                  
1.1        Tlou                                                                                                                                                                                                       
1.2        Myek-lha (Alphabet)                                                                                                           
1.3        Vowel                                                                                                                                 
1.4        Consonant                                                                                                                                              
1.5        Tone                                                                                                                                   
02.        Syllable                                                                                                                                           
03.        Word Formation in Maring                                                                                                                                      
04.        Syntax
4.1        The Sentence                                                                                                                            
4.2        Subject and Predicate                                                                                                                                                                             
4.3        The Phrase and the Clause                                                                                                                   
05.        Morphology                                                                
5.1        Word Class (Parts of Speech)                                                                                             
5.2        The Noun                                                                                                                                                                                               
5.3        The Noun: Gender                                                                                                                                        
5.4        The Noun: Number                                                                                                             
5.5        The Pronoun                                                                                                                       
5.6        The Verb                                                                                                                                                                                                
5.7        The Adverb                                                                                                                         
5.8        Comparison of Adverbs                                                                                                                                                                          
5.9        The Adjective                                                                                                                                        
5.10      Word Position                                                                                                                     
06.        The Conjunction                                                                                                                                              
07.        The Interjection                                                                                                                               
08.        Question Tags                                                                                                                                 
09.        Case                                                                                                                                               
10.        Person                                                                                                                                                                                      
11.        Mood                                                                                                                                             
12.        Tense                                                                                                                                                                  
13.        Synonym and Antonym                                                                                                                                                                                       
14.        Common Errors                                                                                                                                                                           
15.        Vocabulary in Maring                                                                                                                                                                                         
16.        Composition                                                                                                                                                                                                      

Tlourol


TLOUROL 

               Khuyaikhu palshung yu-cha samran khat hoibi Maringa limya malungshibini angtu “Maring Grammar and Composition” lailik aya myethutchalei. Kumpār tlairei naimakni yrengcha Maringa tlou aya yul-yullei bei bei karlhikril, marchokrilna ngamrou kanre-kandang tlou kounak myethutkhouni lhangairousa toubini maibangrei myethutkhoupi lhousilpurap, pu-pi rapbei hochun hilthung chanthungchaleime. 

                       Kum 2001 yei census hilthungni ka Maringayei thimi-msing 23,238 lunglei. Chandel districtkei hoini dei limrouwei chungduini leilei. ST population tlakra macharou 3.1 touri 3.1% hoilei. Maringa napawa 1000 rou napuiyani 954 hoilei, Lailik kheinei literacy levelni 53.1% lunglei. Ka Maringa tlou akhi Sino-Tibetan Languages tlakrei klei Southern Naga heiyei rilra yaolei ( www.zompist.com/sino.htm arou thipilak). Maringa tlou akhi school kounakra marnoyerlanung heitoubi radio programme khat lhātpilanung hungroukyou sunpār douwathralnung duini ka´kna khat hoirou toubi uklumlei. Duini Maringayei tlou karlhikril akhi suimakni yenchimthut manirou. 

                   International Phonetical Alphabets (IPA) heirou kyao phonetics myek-lharapbei tone, pitch heiya kartāmnarou ka Maringa tlou ari tone language khatme toubi lourou. Tone language aya lilkhoini raphathutbini lailik aya myethutchame. Rikrai chil´kna ka Maringa OT Translator Pamo Rev. K Moses Maring ani aiyei lhouchil kounakya workhoupibi lailik ayei grammar portion aya proof reading toupibi lailik aya kheen karchuni phung maninanung churtrungpinarou ayakhi chouni mathangchalei. Lailik arou kwatdei mye, duiyei mye nimanung klāllei mye kounak yaowanungkhi malungshipibi touchimpibini manyonpinanung na namyerei maibangra buchaleime. 

Khuyaikhu                                                                                                                 
19.12.2009
M. Moshining Kansou
                                                                                               parshung.moshining@gmail.com 
                                                                                                         Orkut ID: molung.kansou@gmail.com 
                                                                                                                   site: www.moshining.webs.com

Wai 16: COMPOSITION


Wai 16: COMPOSITION


Paragraph Writing:

                Kani tlainiserei pao-laara nimanung lailik khatdei wari myekhounara karthanglei, touri bam khat khatdei lamkri younarei thyalāngra beicha wachangbi pao-laa nimanung wari hei youlei. Heinakshi sentencerap aya kani paragraph toubi ung. Heinakshi sentencerap heini wari, essay kalhonni dei dei proserapya pāyeinung klai hoikyer. Paragraph khyer youwanungri heini wari nimanung topic mallengna mukyer.

Definition: Paragraph tou ari sentencerap karbupni toubungbi wari khatya nimanung topic khatya simbāng heiya ung.

Principles of paragraph structure:
  1. Unity:- Paragraph khat simyeinung lamkri lilkhoini mulhākrou principle heiri unity, touri paragraph kantangni aimsa aimsayei topic nimanung idea heiyatom phungthutrou.
  2. Order:- Subject nimanung topic heiyei ngamrou paragraph myelanung kneeng phungthut hei wai knaini touri thangknaini simthutbi myethutrou. Thukkur lhoubam nimanung kheen heiyei ka′kna hilthungni myethutrou.
  3. Variety:- Myethut paragraph heiyei sentence simbāng hei khyang – thum simbini chammei sim paragraph hoiyermakrouda.

Hutlha:
Maringayei you′kna lhoutou

                Maringayei chaan khatrou kheen kheennei hilthungni you′kna lhoutou kounak leilei. Kumran hungyeirou phungtung cher churthutlei. Thrainung yuyding makat, cheemlhou tou, palsha (palthung bun), lam′klai, thil′klai, pāryao bun, chā-da, chul′klai, trunluk, chā martam, anakshi churthutlei. Hnulou-chalouyei kheenrou tulkham, tulshor churthutlei. Phung khatdei rilra loukril dawanung pinglam kloume toubi mungna tāntee lourou, ngaimankhou napuiya khatya phung rillei napawa khatni loukur dawanung leilhāng tāntee lourou, dei phung napawani loulanung leipum tāntee lourou. Cha nao phayeirou nao-manshimlei, khna-utlei, minphuklei, cheem khyer sa kluibi cheemchanglei. Kna-ksa leiyanung theemni kna thuilei. Khi yaowanung khiruy, khithro churthutlei. Asitoubi Maringayei chaan khatdei churthutbam lhoulam you′kna kounak marngeibi khoulei.

Letter Writing:
               
                Singkhei, lailik khei thimirapni chethi koutoubi lhangaini myerou, heitoubi loupa thimiyei khyal toudarou tou namyer mulhākrouda. Ngamri tlaipang thimiyei kneeng lungnanung, lhou khat churthutnanung, lalhwol thimiraple pao-laa phaorilnanung, bamtang lhou khat phananung anakshi lhoubamrou chethi lhangaini mye beimak darkar hoi.

Forms of Letters:
                Chethi ā lim chungni leiyanungkhi (minlhang hoini pluirapnung mye chethi, lalhwolnei chethi, malungshinei mye chethi) dākrei forms of letter ari yama yaochirou.

  1. Heading (arou myethimiyei address le tarik yaorou).
  2. Salutation (arou min-ungnei yaorou).
  3. Body/Message (arou chethi heiyei phú/lúng yaorou).
  4. Conclusion (arou chethi mye luilhāknei yaorou).
  5. Signature.
  6. Address (arou envelope doura myenung address hoirou).

Heading: Heading arou myethimi heini bi kourei leibi mye, tarik kounakkei mye tou muyerlei.(Bi heiyei postal address lungni, reply yenmletyeinung hungdanung address pirou). Heading heiri chethi heiyei thyalāng – doura khourou.
                                                                                                       
Nungourok Village
P.O.Pallel, Chandel Dist.
Manipur – 795135.
16.02.1993.
Salutation: Greeting arou myethimi le leikril mri hilthungni koutoubi ung tou heinakshi myerou.

Cheemkhur thiminang chethi myelanungri asitoubi ungrou:
                Malungshi′kna pawa, Kei malungshi nuwi, Malungshi′kna pamo.

Pluisopharapnung mye chethi hoiyanung:
                Malungshi plui, Malungshi Mothel, Malungshi Temui,
                Malungshi manei.

Mitkhngouwei tlou “Dear” tou ani khyingei formal tlou hoirilbi klei ngamni Maringayei chethi myenaroukhi “Dear” aya yrengcharillei. Asitoubi:
               
                Dear pawa, Dear nuwi, Dear pamo, Dear plui, Dear Mothil.

Body: Body ani chethi heiyei phú hoilei. Arou chethi myenei tloubam namyer yaowura. Chethi myenei style heikhi arou mupharou. Pluinang mye chethile lalhwolnei mye chethile mālnamak heikhi arou mupharou.

                (a). Chethi thumni mye nimakni dei dei chethira lamkrini
       tum tum hoini simthutlak.
                (b). Chethi myenarou klai tlou heitoubi kyeng tlouyatom
       yrengchalak. Sentence khyangni myemak, heini loupa
       thiminung duini beso-bebal mumak hoiyerou.
                (c). Chethi hei waisoni myekhoulak.
                (d). Chethi hei marthingni, knālni (manílni) myelak.
                (e). Comma, semi-colon, fullstoprap namyer bichanara
       lhāklak.

Conclusion: Chethi luilhākna lhangaini simbi luilhāklak. Touri myethimiyei minchatom lhākbi luilhāklanung chethi hei kallomakrou. Heiniri dākrei anakshi lhākbi luilhāklak.

                Neiyei cha samran, Neiyei plui, Nei manei.

Signature: Conclusionnei hek dākra sign nimanung chethi mye thimiyei min lhākrou. Dākrei anakshini myerou:

Lg Parshung Kothilran.

Address: Ari chethikhumra myelhākrou. Ari beimak lilkhoi khat. Ngamri chethi hei kounak lhangaini kalloni myelanungkhi walungroukyou bi heini klalni myelanungri nimanung leso-lelatduranungri pharoukyou thimi heiniri tek pha manimarou. Heiniri address hei kanre-kandangni kchimni myerouda.

Hutlha hoini:
                                                Mm. Parshung Kothilran
                                                Village Chairman
                                                Beuhlaram Village
                                                P.O.Pallel
                                                Manipur 795135.

Classification of Letters:
                Lhoubammei hilthungni chethirap aya kani asitoubi khaithut yalei. Heiri:
               
(1). Social Letter (Pluinung mye chethi, malungshi khatnung mye chethi, pui-panung mye chethi, cheemkhur-loukhurnung mye chethi).

(2). Business Letter (Lalhwolnei mye chethi, application myebāngnei chethi, pao-laa officera myebāng chethi, governmentnung myebāng chethi).



Hutlha: (1) Malungshi maneinung mye chethi:
Maringlane,
New Checkon, Imphal
16.12.1996.
Malungshi manei,

                Ramkhei lhānarei leithungkur, keiyei malungshi manei, neiyei bamra angtu lhouyangei malungshi aya chethi hoini hutthul manthunthunglei. Lhouyangei sholungrei kneeng kounak kanyerthung ani maneiyei bamra marhot kounak piyanungkhi youkhapimakno manei.

                Kousi kousi sonleiyo? Nungk′ngaini louleiroume toubi uklumlei. Nungkhatnuiri karungniyei lungshi lungnabi lamsora lungrilroume toubini uklumni lhouyang keikhi sonlei.

Masayei tanglani katwaryeinung sorwani sherchichangmakni katduinakshi lhouyangei malungshikhi tlainiser katduileime. Reidangei karyui mairungya muphaweise ningchabini lhouyangei nilrungkhi sonleime angtupha. Manei, shimlei-thangwanni treembongtlim, yuini-meini mitbangyenri kanthritmakni malungshiroume manei neiya. Tlaipangei yaithi-yailimni nanbinikhi, sherchichangmak klahni thimbinikhi manei neinungei mayungleime. Lhouyang sholungrei marchalkur maneiyei karyui mairungri tekkhi kmit naikhoumarou. Simpipuni kounakei lhangaini lungtrim neiya simkhoupiya! Thinarou lhouyang sholung pil-kham naimakleime.Tlainiserou kheenserou maneiyei karyui mairungyatom thinileime. Wanshang ningshunnei radainakshi thang allei neiyei mairung. Laoyotrou heithi neiyei mitthini lhouyang sholung malhimyerlei. Hungalo maneiyo! lhouyang keiyei thrungna bamra.

                “Oh Simpipuwo! malungshi reidang ayari nungk′ngaini khoupilakno. Phungtung cherni hungyeirou, reidang aiyei malungshi pārbamra hungthrungeise nungkhatnuiri. Kheen heirou reidangei karyui mairungya hanuitomcha hoiyanungkhi muyerpilakno. Laoyotrou heithi aiyei mitthi… sholung pilni thikhouweise. Reidangei marhui naimak muiknam pārkhrimya khyouram-taoram karyouni Maringa chingshāng karbupni kanchai hoiniyaso” Angtunungri keiyei chethi arou luiyeise. Hakarao nungk′ngaini sonniyano kei malungshi manei.
Neiyei manei,
Mm Modar

(2). School teknei Ochanung mye chethi:
Maringlane,
New Checkon, Imphal
16.12.2008.
To,
The Principal
The Shining Hills Academy
Khuyaikhu

Subject: School teknei yapinanung bucha.

Rikraichilkna Ocha,

Ralkur tlainirou kei bur chubi, mkhubi leikur ngamni kei school ka manimakura. Heini malungshipibi keiyei school tekkur heiya Ochani yapinanung shunchalei.

Neiyei ruishik,

Tanim Morung
Class – X, Section A

INVITATION / KHUL PAO (KHUL-KAI)

Hutlha:
                Lg/Mm/Sm/Rd Darlei Korung Pa Darlei Anglourung Bi Marimchi Yultang rei klei neiyei bamra rikrai chilni kanyerchalei. Hung tarik 20/02/2002 kummei Sunna tānglayei phangani pālbang Phunni tlainiyei ningshun pung 10 dayei kheenrou keiyei khyerei (rannei) sabāng cheem aya changnanung marshiklei.

                Cheemchang kneitang arou kheen karchuni polhākpibi yarekna laa sabini, phung dārkhi kyaoni khonloi nuybini churthutmālnanung shunchalei. Chepāng ani runghut hoibi khulkai kanyerthung aya yulmakni pochangpinanung theemkhui, lhouwa, pu-pi namyerei bamra buchaleime.

                                Kanril,

Yorshung Leitol,
Karyemkhu palthung,
Kangoi chingshāng.
COMPREHENSION

                Comprehension tou ari tlourui tumkhatya lamkrini pithutbi heirou tlou-ngai kounak kngaibi marnothralya khei-sing chāng thi heiya ung. Parkha kantangrou asinung comprehension ayei siruk yaolei. Ani parkha lha thimiyei khei-sing, khyal ludok, thumlepchayei kheenrou loulhāk mani heiyei chāng thinalei. Comprehension touyei kheenrou mulhāknung tha leilei.


Heiri:

1.       Tlourui tum heiya khminni pathutbi hoùrei tlou-lung heiya mulhāknanung lāknarou.
2.       Duini mulhāknanung hannuikhi kallengni khminni pathorou.
3.       Tlou-ngairap hei kouwa kngai tou khminni mulhāknanung lāknarou. Heitoubi tlourui heiya thibi kei msayei tlou-wongra myethutbi rulrou.
4.       Sentence lhungni myethutrou, touri waisokhourou.
5.       Tloulhangei artha kngai hoiyanungri hei yaleilimri kai msayei tlou-wongra rulkhourou.

Hutlha:

        Bangei youbini Maringa napuiyarapni phi-punshel kounak kyekbini cheemai khatdei darkār hoi kounak marshikbi katlei. Rpotni nimanung phaini taphu lhangai lhangaini simbi phi-punshel yekthutlei. Napawayei lingkham phikyil, linglik, murshum, rulshum, rulshum-khrul, hutsi, horumshin, makhap, nathang, heitoubi napuiyawei karkhup phikham, linglik, lingkhang, lumlher, riho, kungoirei, shamkin, hutshin, shangkairui anakshini Maringayei phirul-phibāng hoinalei. Kheen kheennei hilchanthungbi Maringarapni phi-punshel lhai lhai yrengcharillei. Minlhang hoini khuingallu, langphai, ngoupun, phimul-rālput, mongchal, muidou-karkhup, shamkin-karkhup, kungoi, lukhumrei, pungpun, khnikcha, aihaphi, khemchi linglik anakshiya yrengcharillei.

ESSAY

                Essay touri lākna heiya ung. Pibi klei topic heiyei lhoulamrou kanre-kandangni myethutnanung lākna heiya essay toubi ung. Arou myerou thimi heini pibi klei tloubam heiyei wong lānglim hei thang-knaini tlou karchu yrengchabi myethutrou.

                Essay khat myethutnarou wai khyumtam thukyerou – Introduction, Body heitoubi Conclusion.

(1). Introduction: Essay heiyei tlou youthutna ari lilkhoi wai khat. Introduction ani lhangaiyanung essay hei pā′kni pukyerou. Introduction ari thumlepchani myelanung duini lhangai. Arou definition, quotation lhāk kya, kalhonni topic heiya urbāngnanung lampur simthutyerou.

(2). Body: Essayhakri arime toubi lou kya. Maibang trükhārni introduction heitoubi Incho trükhārni conclusion toubi loubini Body ani cheemhakme toubi lourou.

                Lamkrini tlou lhangai karchurou heiya holthutbi neiyei ukningrei ningcha heiyei hilthungni wai knaini thang-thang simthutbi myethutlak.Paragraph khat khat simthutbi idea hei khatle khat maryomrillak. Tlou-chui yaomakni point heiyatom kanre-kandangni myethutlak.

(3). Conclusion: Essay heiyei luilhākna hei lhangaini simbi luilhāklak. Myeroukyou body essay heiyei tloubam thumlepchani myethutrou, quotation lhāk maniyanung heikhi myekhourou, heitoubi luilhāknei tlou myekhoubi luilhākrou.

Classification of Essays: Essay aya kani phangatam thukni khaithutlei.

1.Reflective Essays.                                            2. Narrative Essays.
3.Descriptive Essays.                                          4. Expository Essays.
5.Imaginative Essays.

Reflective Essays: Ari abstract hoi tloubam touri mannokur (heinakur), chingshāngei ngamrou kartāmbi myethut heiya reflective essay tou ung. Hutlha hoini: a). habits, qualities, b). social, politics, domestic topics – Dun, karning, government, cheempal-loupal, tulshor, lalhwol anakshi c). philosophical subjectrap – kchim, klal anakshi.

Narrative Essays: Kounakshi thukkur lhoubam khatdei ngamrou mye essay heiya narrative essay toubi ung. Mrekna (Games & Sports), karkhalkril, karhoukril, thikthui-dānthui, ram-kuicha anakshiyei ngamrou mye essay aya kani narrative essay toubi ungrou.

Descriptive Essays: Descriptive essay ari thimi, ningka (putchei), bi, yā, cheem, heengtrung, thinga, anakshiyei ngamrou myethut essay heiya descriptive essay toubi ungrou.

Expository Essays: Subject khatdei ngamrou exposition toubi mye heiya expository essay toubi ungrou. Lhouchurnei ngamrou (phailou, yekkul, ya-
yek, pressra lailik knam), prose, poetry, novel anakshiyei ngamrou myethut essay heiya expository essay toubi ungrou.

Imaginative Essays: Ukningei ningcha heiya simbi myethut essay heiya imaginative essay toubi ung. Arou mye thimi ani myethut tloubam kounakrou hannuitomkhi yaothimakhui, hoithimakhui. Heiyei ngamrou ukningni ningchabi myethut heitomni. “Keini Chief Minister hoiyanungri”, “Keini Maringayei chingshāngrak hoiyanungri”, “Keini krung hoiyanungri” anakshiyei tloulamra myethut essay heiya imaginative essay toubi ung.

Hutlha:

RKHĀNG


                Rkhāng ari Maringayei bangei nuter-paterapbei chaanthakrouwei yenyoubini phunkur bam khat. Maringa yul kantangrou rkhāng namyer leichilei. Rkhāng arou yul-yullei sunpār-douwathral, nangak karlhang namyerni ruichalrou. Nangak karlhangrapni hnu-shal phabi cheempālbongtlim rkhāng arou leirou. Maringa chingshāngrou yul yullei rkhāng ani marnocheem hoibi Maringayei you′kna phung dār, rkhāng knuy, rkhāng laa-sa, shrengseng chun kounak marnopilei.

                Khangshellakni rkhāng heiyei upa hoirou. Khangshellak napawani karlhang rkhāngei upa hoirou heitoubi khangshellak napuiyani nangak rkhāngei upa hoirou. Khangshellakrapni rkhāng heiyei lhangainanung ruipirou. Rkhāngrou ruichalkur thimi namyerni tlainiser rkhāng heirou tekmakni karou. Rkhāngrou ruichalkur thimi namyerni yullai heirou thuk kneitang kounakrou rui urbi lhou churrou. Yuy wanarou, meirup heeng phanarou, chāk an thungnarou, anchum yernarou rkhāng thimini ruipirou. Pāryao bun, hnulou-chalou, khi-ruy, khi-thro, lamklai, tuytrum-kngei, palsha (palthung bun), cheemchang, inloiya chun, minphuk, trun kluk anakshi knei lhouthuk kounakrou rkhāng thimirapni rui urbi churthutrou.

                Rkhāng khyer sanarou yullai thimi namyerni karmābi sarou. Cheemlhun kantangni ai-ai manicha makatbini rkhāng aya luinanung sarou. Lapa, sai, an, tul, anna-louna makatbini khyerrei sa rkhāng hei cheemchangrou. Karlhang rkhāng, nangak rkhāng lhai lhai sarou. Karlhanga khatni nangak rkhāngra wachangnung yamakrou. Heinakshini nangaka khatni karlhang
rkhāngra wachang yamakrou. Kounak nangak rkhāngrei nangaka khatni selam (thram) urkur dawanung rkhāng touborhnei napuiya heiwini n′ngok (hok) khatle tulkhang khat chuirouda.

                Anakshini rkhāng ani Maringa lim ayei tangbāng choubāngnara lam ruipilei. Rkhāng ani Maringayei chaylam, you′kna kounak marnopibi yuthak chaanthakrou klal lhou churmaknung kmit naimak kchim lhoulamya simkhoupilei.
Wai-so

Wai 15: VOCABULARY IN MARING


Wai 15: VOCABULARY IN MARING

 Maringayei you´kna hilthungni thimi khatle khat karbèrilyeirou yrengcha´kril tlou tha leilei. Heirap heiri:

Min karbè-Napawa lāngra:

Pater       = Nuwi/pawayei pa, Paterrei lingkhat hoi napawa.
Pawa      = Yukpuk pa.
Pātang   = Pawayei tei, Nuwiyei teiwiyei shal.
Pamo     = Pawayei nao thuk –Mo, Nuwiyei naowiyei shal –Mo
                   Shallei nao thuk –Mo, Naowei shal –Mo.
Pako       = Pawayei nao thuk –Ko, Nuwiyei naowiyei shal –Ko
                   Shallei nao thuk –Ko, Naowei shal –Ko.
Pangte    = Pawayei nao thuk –Ang, Nuwiyei naowiyei shal –Ang
                   Shallei nao thuk –Ang, Naowei shal –Ang.
Pame      = Pawayei nao thuk –Me, Nuwiyei naowiyei shal –Me
                   Shallei nao thuk –Me, Naowei shal – Me.
Patul       = Pawayei nao thuk –Lei, Nuwiyei naowiyei shal –Lei
                   Shallei nao thuk –Lei, Naowei shal –Lei.
Puwa      = Nuwiyei tra, Hnuwei pa, Puwayei cha napawa/Putang.
Mrang    = Shallei pa, Pawayei charrei shal, Niniyei shal.
Kmāk     = Chawiyei shal, Cha thukkei shal.
Teiwa     = Teiyei shal, Shallei tei thuk.
Yuwa     = Niniyei cha napawa.
Momo    = Tei thuk –Mo.
Koko      = Tei thuk –Ko.
Anga      = Tei thuk –Ang.
Meme    = Tei thuk –.
Eiya        = Tei thuk –Lei.
Trä          = Napuiyawei pukmālna napawa, Napuiyawei pa thukkei 
    cha napawa.
Shalkhu= Khnitamtlung shal.
Shaltir    = Lamkri shal.
Msalla    = Hnu loukur napawa.

Napuiya lāngra:

Nuter      = Nuwi/pawayei pui, Nuterrei lingkhat hoi napuiya.
Nuwi       = Yukpuk pui.
Nutang   = Nuwiyei tei, Pawayei teiyei hnu (Tātang).
Nute       = Nuwiyei nao thuk –Te, Pawayei naowei hnu –Te,
                   Hnuwei nao thuk –Te, Naowei hnu –Te.
Nuto       = Nuwiyei nao thuk –To, Pawayei naowei hnu –To,
                   Hnuwei nao thuk –To, Naowei hnu –To.
Takhu    = Nuwiyei nao thuk –Khu, Pawayei naowei hnu –Khu,
                   Hnuwei nao thuk –Shangkhu, Naowei hnu –Shangkhu.
Tapé       = Nuwiyei nao thuk –Pe, Pawayei naowei hnu –Pe,
                   Hnuwei nao thuk –Tung, Naowei hnu –Tung.
Takham= Nuwiyei nao thuk –Lei, Pawayei naowei hnu –Lei,
                   Hnuwei nao thuk –Lei, Naowei hnu –Lei.
Pipi         = Hnuwei pui, Nuwiyei trawei hnu/Pitang.
Nini         = Shallei pui, Pawayei char thuk, Shallei char thuk.
Mou       = Chawayei hnu, Träyei hnu.
Teiwi      = Teiyei hnu (Atei).
Yuwi       = Niniyei cha napuiya.
Tete        = Tei thuk –Te.
Toto       = Tei thuk –To.
Khukhu= Tei thuk –Shangkhu.
Pepe       = Tei thuk –Pe (Tung).
Eiya        = Tei thuk –Lei.
Char       = Napawayei pukmālna napuiya, Pa thukkei cha napuiya.
Nukhu    = Khnitamtlung hnu.
Nutir       = Lamkri hnu.
Napuinu= Shal dunkur napuiya.

Karbupni ungkril:

Yu           = Chayei yukpuk cha, Napawayei teiwiyei cha,
Manei    = Napawalāngra Puwayei cha napuiya thuk,
                   Napuiyalāngra Niniyei cha napawa thuk,
                   Dei phungrei nangaka/karlhanga,
Kapui     = Khulram/phung lhaiyei napawa.
Plui         = Lingkhat hoini kattangmālkna, churtrungmālkna
Trulmei= Hnu / shal makkur
Ocha      = Marnopipu
Ochani   = Ochayei hnu
Shelkhu= Chawei mrang/nini nimanung puwa/pipi.

Napung khni (Yakhu) murilkna:

Pacha     = Pa le cha, pa thukle cha, pa le cha thuk,
Puicha    = Pui le cha, pui thukle cha, pui le cha thuk,
Teinao   = Tei le nao, Tei thukle nao, Tei le nao thuk,
Puyu       = Puwa le yu/kmāk, Nuter/Pater le yu,
Pisa         = Pipi le kmāk, puwayei hnu le shallei charrei cha,
Mrangsa= Mrangle mou, Niniyei shal le hnuwei trayei cha,
Ningsa    = Teiyei shal le hnuwei tra = Ningpai,
Teisa      = Teiwi le naowa, Tei le naowi,
Nisa        = Nini le mou, Nini le träyei cha,
Mousa   = Mou le nini,
Neisa      = Manei thuk yakhu,
Trä-pa    = Trä (le pa),
Charcha= Char le trä,
Shangram= Shal le hnu.

The Universe

The Universe
Tlaipangpal
God
Um/ Dunpu
Demon
Th́́́́rai
Spirit
Tlim
Fire
Mei
Water
Yuy
Earth
Shimlei
Sky
Nungthou
Air
Marthi
Cloud
Ramei
Dew
Radai
Snow
Thur
Sun
Kul
Moon
Tangla
Star
Sorwa
River
Kung
Lake
Pāt
Pond
Puktri
Mountain
Lhung
Plain
Phai
Rain
Nung
Hail
Nunghei
Thunder
Nungkhung
Lightning
(nung)-mitwār
Rainbow
Lāngting-sui
Hot
Shā
Cold
Dai
Day
Tlaini
Mid-day
Nunghang-hlai
Night
Masa
Darkness
Ḱmeh
Light
Kwār
Stone
Th́lung
Wood
Heeng
Forest
Heengyao

Mankind
Mankind
Thimi
Man
Napawa
Woman
Napuiya
Old man
Terra (terrawa)
Old woman
Terra (terrawi)
Infant
Naosun (naopār)
Boy
Douwa (napawa douwa)
Girl
Douwa (napuiya douwa)
Bachelor
Karlhanga
Maiden
Nangaka
Widow
Trulmeiwi
Widower
Trulmeiwa

Body
Body flesh
Hak-rung
Head
Lu
Forehead
Machal
Face
Mai/mairung
Eye
Shola / mit
Eyebrow
Mitkhoumul
Eyelid
Mitkhmul
Tear
Mityui
Ear
Khna
Nose
Khnalung
Nostril
Khnapur
Cheek
Maibung
Lip
Mur
Teeth
Haa
Tongue
Mlei
Chin
Khakui
Beard
Khamul
Hair
Sam
Brain
Ludok
Neck
Ngak
Throat
Khruk
Shoulder
Lhābāng
Arm
Hutbāng
Elbow
Hutchu
Wrist
Hutmum
Hand
Hut / khut
Nail
Hutthin
Finger
Hutyār
Palm
Hutmai
Fist
Huttum
Back
Kung
Chest
Mlungpāk
Heart
Mlung
Breast
Chuchu
Stomach
Chākkao
Belly
Yai / Onbi
Navel
Plai
Thigh
Pheikhnang / Pheinang
Knee
Khuk-lu
Leg
Ho
Bone
Th́ru
Veins
Yra
Flesh
Ti
Skin
Unkhor / un
Blood
Hee
Sweat
Lan

Animals
Animals
Yā / Yātang
Mithun
Shrim
Dog
Ui
Cow
Halpui
Bullock
Hal
Buffalo
Nlui
Horse
Śpuk
Elephant
Shai
Rat
Ŕ́puk
Sheep
Yao
Pig
Ok / Ńngok
Deer
Chao
Bear
Ikshum
Monkey
Yung
Cat
Houtung
Goat
Hlāng

Birds
Birds
Wa / ramwa
Fowl
Wa / cheemwa
Duck
Ngānu
Goose
Kāngā
Peacock
Ārhong
Crow
Āak
Feather
Wa-khmul
Wing
Wa-msa

Insects
Insects
Pui
Butterfly
Lap
Ant
Pheyāng / Shāngsi
White ant
Thra
Lizard
Yāngrui
Mosquito
Thangtran
Midge
Dumde
Spider
Airān
Bee
Khui
Fly
Trān
Bug
Rma
Louse
Rik
Flea
Uirik
Snake
Phrul

Fish
Fish
Thanga
Crab
Ai
Fresh fish
Thanga tik
Dreid fish
Thanga tār
Shell fish
Shol
Eel
Thangaphlum


Vegetables and others
Tree
Heeng
Banana
Mut-hei
Mango
Heinou
Jackfruit
Theipong
Fig
Shut-hei
Pineapple
Khekum
Bamboo
Khwa
Fruit
Hei
Flower
Pār
Bud
Pārmum
Root
Yrung
Stem
Trung
Branch
Baan
Leaf
Cane
Rui
Creeper
Ruiyām
Grass
Tingtou
Walnut
Kha-hei
Rice
Sai
Dhan
Cha
Vegetables
Anna-louna/ annām
Peas
Be
Garlic
Channam
Onion
Tillou
Mustard leaf
Anchep
Cabbage
Kohbi
Ginger
Hui
Turmeric
Aitrungson
Chilli
Phit / phit-hei
Salt
Dawa
Sugar
Samyāk
Betelnut
Kwa
Pan-leaf
Kwana
Tobacco leaf
Hilāk-na

 Household Items
House
Cheem
Room
Kā / Kok
Verandah
Dāngkhup
Roof
Cheembung
Principal - Post
Shutlai
Beam
Khāngyal
Thatch
Chi
Door
Trukhār
Window
Thangput / Mitthung
Threshold
Tulmuk
Bamboo-ribbon
Thimro
Brick
Chik
Wall
Thang
Cot
Khumdou
Mattress
Monpāk
Pillow
Lukhāng
Mosquito net
Trānkhal
Quilt
Kāntha
Cotton
Rpot
Plate
Leipāng
Curry pot
Kaikam
Cooking pot
Warophu
Wax
Khuilu
Spirit
Tul
Tongs
Chaichi
Key
Hangchei
Kitchen
Bomka
Sand
Leimui

Colours
White
Khngou
Black
Khmong
Red
Mrao
Green
Mar-em
Yellow
Porāng / Ancheppār machu
Blue
Nungthou machu
Grey
Ut machu


Churnung lhou:

Q1.          Maringa tloura Cha le Pa le Yu –napung khyumya koutoubi
karbèrouwo?              
Q2.          Maringa tloura Cha le Pui le Mou –napung khyumya koutoubi
karbèrouwo?
Q3.          Maringa tloura “Keiyei puwanang Aiyei puwani puwa” unglanung
keile āle kou mri thukrouwo?
Q4.          Dākrei pi tloulhāngrapbei artha Englishra mallenglak:

                Ukse-tāng.             Yuntok-yaitok     Nísa (napuiya khni plui sana)
                Tampawei.            Mól                         Yunchok-yaichok.
                Liptlai.                   Thambò                                Lhouwa.
                Hul-thral                Tèdùn                    Díng.
                Halpal.                   Anchí                     Tlāngyun.
                Warhong.              Antàng                   Chun-oi.
                Hu-lailai.               Chaknahei            Kār-oi.
                Kou-lailai.             Khuilú                    Phom.
                Khngāk.                 Mär                        Shóu.
                Ngākdik.                Karhil                     Thok.
                Kanchek.               Kanthui                 Tok.
                Kantek.                  Chír                        Lok.
                Dep.                        Chāi-lung              Dok.
                Maryeng.               Kangoi                   Kengoi  
                Kaothum.              Chai-lung              Long-long haicha.              
                Nok (yuy nok)      Yuypul                   Yuybun