Wai 16: COMPOSITION
Paragraph Writing:
Kani tlainiserei
pao-laara nimanung lailik khatdei wari myekhounara karthanglei, touri bam khat
khatdei lamkri younarei thyalāngra beicha wachangbi pao-laa nimanung wari hei
youlei. Heinakshi
sentencerap aya kani paragraph toubi ung. Heinakshi sentencerap heini wari,
essay kalhonni dei dei proserapya pāyeinung klai hoikyer. Paragraph khyer youwanungri heini wari nimanung topic
mallengna mukyer.
Definition: Paragraph tou ari
sentencerap karbupni toubungbi wari khatya nimanung topic khatya simbāng heiya
ung.
Principles of paragraph structure:
- Unity:- Paragraph khat
simyeinung lamkri lilkhoini mulhākrou principle heiri unity, touri
paragraph kantangni aimsa aimsayei topic nimanung idea heiyatom phungthutrou.
- Order:- Subject nimanung topic
heiyei ngamrou paragraph myelanung kneeng phungthut hei wai knaini touri
thangknaini simthutbi myethutrou. Thukkur lhoubam nimanung kheen heiyei
ka′kna hilthungni myethutrou.
- Variety:- Myethut paragraph
heiyei sentence simbāng hei khyang – thum simbini chammei sim paragraph
hoiyermakrouda.
Hutlha:
Maringayei you′kna lhoutou
Maringayei chaan
khatrou kheen kheennei hilthungni you′kna lhoutou kounak leilei. Kumran
hungyeirou phungtung cher churthutlei. Thrainung yuyding makat, cheemlhou tou,
palsha (palthung bun), lam′klai, thil′klai, pāryao bun, chā-da, chul′klai,
trunluk, chā martam, anakshi churthutlei. Hnulou-chalouyei kheenrou tulkham,
tulshor churthutlei. Phung khatdei rilra loukril dawanung pinglam kloume toubi
mungna tāntee lourou, ngaimankhou napuiya khatya phung rillei napawa khatni
loukur dawanung leilhāng tāntee lourou, dei phung napawani loulanung leipum
tāntee lourou. Cha nao phayeirou nao-manshimlei, khna-utlei, minphuklei, cheem
khyer sa kluibi cheemchanglei. Kna-ksa leiyanung theemni kna thuilei. Khi
yaowanung khiruy, khithro churthutlei. Asitoubi Maringayei chaan khatdei
churthutbam lhoulam you′kna kounak marngeibi khoulei.
Letter Writing:
Singkhei, lailik
khei thimirapni chethi koutoubi lhangaini myerou, heitoubi loupa thimiyei khyal
toudarou tou namyer mulhākrouda. Ngamri tlaipang thimiyei kneeng lungnanung,
lhou khat churthutnanung, lalhwol thimiraple pao-laa phaorilnanung, bamtang
lhou khat phananung anakshi lhoubamrou chethi lhangaini mye beimak darkar hoi.
Forms of Letters:
Chethi ā lim chungni
leiyanungkhi (minlhang hoini pluirapnung mye chethi, lalhwolnei chethi,
malungshinei mye chethi) dākrei forms of letter ari yama yaochirou.
- Heading (arou myethimiyei address le tarik yaorou).
- Salutation (arou min-ungnei yaorou).
- Body/Message (arou chethi heiyei phú/lúng yaorou).
- Conclusion (arou chethi mye luilhāknei yaorou).
- Signature.
- Address (arou envelope doura myenung address hoirou).
Heading: Heading arou myethimi heini bi kourei leibi mye, tarik
kounakkei mye tou muyerlei.(Bi heiyei postal address lungni, reply
yenmletyeinung hungdanung address pirou). Heading heiri chethi heiyei thyalāng
– doura khourou.
Nungourok Village
P.O.Pallel, Chandel Dist.
Manipur – 795135.
16.02.1993.
Salutation: Greeting arou myethimi le leikril mri hilthungni
koutoubi ung tou heinakshi myerou.
Cheemkhur thiminang chethi myelanungri asitoubi ungrou:
Malungshi′kna pawa,
Kei malungshi nuwi, Malungshi′kna pamo.
Pluisopharapnung mye chethi hoiyanung:
Malungshi plui, Malungshi Mothel,
Malungshi Temui,
Malungshi manei.
Mitkhngouwei tlou “Dear” tou ani khyingei formal tlou hoirilbi klei
ngamni Maringayei chethi myenaroukhi “Dear” aya yrengcharillei. Asitoubi:
Dear pawa, Dear
nuwi, Dear pamo, Dear plui, Dear Mothil.
Body: Body ani chethi heiyei phú hoilei. Arou chethi myenei
tloubam namyer yaowura. Chethi myenei style heikhi arou mupharou. Pluinang mye
chethile lalhwolnei mye chethile mālnamak heikhi arou mupharou.
(a).
Chethi thumni mye nimakni dei dei chethira lamkrini
tum tum hoini simthutlak.
(b).
Chethi myenarou klai tlou heitoubi kyeng tlouyatom
yrengchalak. Sentence khyangni myemak, heini loupa
thiminung duini beso-bebal mumak hoiyerou.
(c).
Chethi hei waisoni myekhoulak.
(d).
Chethi hei marthingni, knālni (manílni) myelak.
(e).
Comma, semi-colon, fullstoprap namyer bichanara
lhāklak.
Conclusion: Chethi luilhākna lhangaini simbi luilhāklak. Touri
myethimiyei minchatom lhākbi luilhāklanung chethi hei kallomakrou. Heiniri
dākrei anakshi lhākbi luilhāklak.
Neiyei cha samran, Neiyei plui, Nei
manei.
Signature: Conclusionnei
hek dākra sign nimanung chethi mye thimiyei min lhākrou. Dākrei anakshini
myerou:
Lg Parshung Kothilran.
Address: Ari chethikhumra myelhākrou. Ari beimak lilkhoi khat.
Ngamri chethi hei kounak lhangaini kalloni myelanungkhi walungroukyou bi heini
klalni myelanungri nimanung leso-lelatduranungri pharoukyou thimi heiniri tek
pha manimarou. Heiniri address hei kanre-kandangni kchimni myerouda.
Hutlha hoini:
Mm.
Parshung Kothilran
Village Chairman
Beuhlaram
Village
P.O.Pallel
Manipur
795135.
Classification of Letters:
Lhoubammei
hilthungni chethirap aya kani asitoubi khaithut yalei. Heiri:
(1). Social Letter (Pluinung mye chethi, malungshi
khatnung mye chethi, pui-panung mye chethi, cheemkhur-loukhurnung mye chethi).
(2). Business Letter (Lalhwolnei mye chethi, application
myebāngnei chethi, pao-laa officera myebāng chethi, governmentnung myebāng
chethi).
Hutlha: (1) Malungshi maneinung mye chethi:
Maringlane,
New Checkon, Imphal
16.12.1996.
Malungshi manei,
Ramkhei lhānarei
leithungkur, keiyei malungshi manei, neiyei bamra angtu lhouyangei malungshi
aya chethi hoini hutthul manthunthunglei. Lhouyangei sholungrei kneeng kounak
kanyerthung ani maneiyei bamra marhot kounak piyanungkhi youkhapimakno manei.
Kousi kousi sonleiyo? Nungk′ngaini
louleiroume toubi uklumlei. Nungkhatnuiri karungniyei lungshi lungnabi lamsora
lungrilroume toubini uklumni lhouyang keikhi sonlei.
Masayei tanglani katwaryeinung sorwani
sherchichangmakni katduinakshi lhouyangei malungshikhi tlainiser katduileime.
Reidangei karyui mairungya muphaweise ningchabini lhouyangei nilrungkhi
sonleime angtupha. Manei, shimlei-thangwanni treembongtlim, yuini-meini mitbangyenri
kanthritmakni malungshiroume manei neiya. Tlaipangei yaithi-yailimni
nanbinikhi, sherchichangmak klahni thimbinikhi manei neinungei mayungleime.
Lhouyang sholungrei marchalkur maneiyei karyui mairungri tekkhi kmit
naikhoumarou. Simpipuni kounakei lhangaini lungtrim neiya simkhoupiya! Thinarou
lhouyang sholung pil-kham naimakleime.Tlainiserou kheenserou maneiyei karyui
mairungyatom thinileime. Wanshang ningshunnei radainakshi
thang allei neiyei mairung. Laoyotrou heithi neiyei mitthini lhouyang sholung
malhimyerlei. Hungalo maneiyo! lhouyang keiyei thrungna bamra.
“Oh Simpipuwo! malungshi reidang ayari nungk′ngaini khoupilakno.
Phungtung cherni hungyeirou, reidang aiyei malungshi pārbamra hungthrungeise
nungkhatnuiri. Kheen heirou reidangei karyui mairungya hanuitomcha hoiyanungkhi
muyerpilakno. Laoyotrou heithi aiyei mitthi… sholung pilni thikhouweise.
Reidangei marhui naimak muiknam pārkhrimya khyouram-taoram karyouni Maringa
chingshāng karbupni kanchai hoiniyaso” Angtunungri keiyei chethi arou luiyeise.
Hakarao nungk′ngaini sonniyano kei malungshi manei.
Neiyei manei,
(2). School teknei Ochanung mye chethi:
Maringlane,
New Checkon, Imphal
16.12.2008.
To,
The Principal
The Shining Hills Academy
Khuyaikhu
Subject: School teknei yapinanung
bucha.
Rikraichilkna Ocha,
Ralkur tlainirou kei bur chubi, mkhubi leikur ngamni kei
school ka manimakura. Heini malungshipibi keiyei school tekkur heiya Ochani
yapinanung shunchalei.
Neiyei ruishik,
Tanim Morung
Class – X, Section A
INVITATION / KHUL PAO (KHUL-KAI)
Hutlha:
Lg/Mm/Sm/Rd Darlei Korung Pa Darlei
Anglourung Bi Marimchi Yultang rei klei neiyei bamra rikrai chilni kanyerchalei. Hung
tarik 20/02/2002 kummei Sunna tānglayei phangani pālbang Phunni tlainiyei
ningshun pung 10 dayei kheenrou keiyei khyerei (rannei) sabāng cheem aya
changnanung marshiklei.
Cheemchang kneitang
arou kheen karchuni polhākpibi yarekna laa sabini, phung dārkhi kyaoni khonloi
nuybini churthutmālnanung shunchalei. Chepāng ani runghut hoibi khulkai
kanyerthung aya yulmakni pochangpinanung theemkhui, lhouwa, pu-pi namyerei
bamra buchaleime.
Kanril,
Yorshung Leitol,
Karyemkhu palthung,
Kangoi chingshāng.
COMPREHENSION
Comprehension tou
ari tlourui tumkhatya lamkrini pithutbi heirou tlou-ngai kounak kngaibi marnothralya
khei-sing chāng thi heiya ung. Parkha kantangrou asinung comprehension ayei
siruk yaolei. Ani parkha lha thimiyei khei-sing, khyal ludok, thumlepchayei
kheenrou loulhāk mani heiyei chāng thinalei. Comprehension touyei kheenrou
mulhāknung tha leilei.
Heiri:
1.
Tlourui tum heiya khminni pathutbi
hoùrei tlou-lung heiya mulhāknanung lāknarou.
2.
Duini mulhāknanung hannuikhi
kallengni khminni pathorou.
3.
Tlou-ngairap hei kouwa kngai tou
khminni mulhāknanung lāknarou. Heitoubi tlourui heiya thibi kei msayei tlou-wongra
myethutbi rulrou.
4.
Sentence lhungni myethutrou, touri
waisokhourou.
5.
Tloulhangei artha kngai hoiyanungri
hei yaleilimri kai msayei tlou-wongra rulkhourou.
Hutlha:
Bangei
youbini Maringa napuiyarapni phi-punshel kounak kyekbini cheemai khatdei darkār
hoi kounak marshikbi katlei. Rpotni nimanung phaini taphu lhangai lhangaini
simbi phi-punshel yekthutlei. Napawayei lingkham phikyil, linglik, murshum,
rulshum, rulshum-khrul, hutsi, horumshin, makhap, nathang, heitoubi napuiyawei
karkhup phikham, linglik, lingkhang, lumlher, riho, kungoirei, shamkin,
hutshin, shangkairui anakshini Maringayei phirul-phibāng hoinalei. Kheen
kheennei hilchanthungbi Maringarapni phi-punshel lhai lhai yrengcharillei.
Minlhang hoini khuingallu, langphai, ngoupun, phimul-rālput, mongchal,
muidou-karkhup, shamkin-karkhup, kungoi, lukhumrei, pungpun, khnikcha, aihaphi,
khemchi linglik anakshiya yrengcharillei.
ESSAY
Essay touri lākna
heiya ung. Pibi klei topic heiyei lhoulamrou kanre-kandangni myethutnanung
lākna heiya essay toubi ung. Arou myerou thimi heini pibi klei tloubam heiyei
wong lānglim hei thang-knaini tlou karchu yrengchabi myethutrou.
Essay khat
myethutnarou wai khyumtam thukyerou – Introduction, Body heitoubi Conclusion.
(1). Introduction:
Essay heiyei tlou youthutna ari lilkhoi wai khat. Introduction ani
lhangaiyanung essay hei pā′kni pukyerou. Introduction ari thumlepchani
myelanung duini lhangai. Arou definition, quotation lhāk kya, kalhonni topic
heiya urbāngnanung lampur simthutyerou.
(2). Body:
Essayhakri arime toubi lou kya. Maibang trükhārni
introduction heitoubi Incho trükhārni conclusion toubi loubini Body ani
cheemhakme toubi lourou.
Lamkrini tlou lhangai karchurou
heiya holthutbi neiyei ukningrei ningcha heiyei hilthungni wai knaini
thang-thang simthutbi myethutlak.Paragraph khat khat simthutbi idea hei khatle
khat maryomrillak. Tlou-chui yaomakni point heiyatom kanre-kandangni
myethutlak.
(3). Conclusion: Essay heiyei
luilhākna hei lhangaini simbi luilhāklak. Myeroukyou body essay heiyei tloubam thumlepchani
myethutrou, quotation lhāk maniyanung heikhi myekhourou, heitoubi luilhāknei
tlou myekhoubi luilhākrou.
Classification
of Essays: Essay aya kani phangatam thukni khaithutlei.
1.Reflective Essays. 2.
Narrative Essays.
3.Descriptive Essays. 4. Expository
Essays.
5.Imaginative Essays.
Reflective
Essays: Ari abstract hoi tloubam touri
mannokur (heinakur), chingshāngei ngamrou kartāmbi myethut heiya reflective essay tou ung. Hutlha hoini: a). habits, qualities, b). social, politics, domestic topics
– Dun, karning, government, cheempal-loupal, tulshor, lalhwol anakshi c).
philosophical subjectrap – kchim, klal anakshi.
Narrative
Essays: Kounakshi thukkur lhoubam khatdei ngamrou mye essay heiya narrative essay toubi ung. Mrekna
(Games & Sports), karkhalkril, karhoukril, thikthui-dānthui, ram-kuicha
anakshiyei ngamrou mye essay aya kani narrative essay toubi ungrou.
Descriptive
Essays: Descriptive essay ari thimi, ningka (putchei), bi, yā, cheem,
heengtrung, thinga, anakshiyei ngamrou myethut essay heiya descriptive essay toubi ungrou.
Expository
Essays: Subject khatdei ngamrou exposition toubi mye heiya expository essay toubi ungrou. Lhouchurnei ngamrou (phailou,
yekkul, ya-
yek, pressra
lailik knam), prose, poetry, novel anakshiyei ngamrou myethut essay heiya
expository essay toubi ungrou.
Imaginative
Essays: Ukningei ningcha heiya simbi myethut essay heiya imaginative essay toubi ung. Arou mye thimi ani myethut tloubam
kounakrou hannuitomkhi yaothimakhui, hoithimakhui. Heiyei ngamrou ukningni
ningchabi myethut heitomni. “Keini Chief Minister hoiyanungri”, “Keini
Maringayei chingshāngrak hoiyanungri”, “Keini krung hoiyanungri” anakshiyei
tloulamra myethut essay heiya imaginative essay toubi ung.
Hutlha:
RKHĀNG
Rkhāng ari Maringayei bangei nuter-paterapbei
chaanthakrouwei yenyoubini phunkur bam khat. Maringa yul kantangrou rkhāng
namyer leichilei. Rkhāng arou yul-yullei sunpār-douwathral, nangak karlhang
namyerni ruichalrou. Nangak karlhangrapni hnu-shal phabi cheempālbongtlim
rkhāng arou leirou. Maringa chingshāngrou yul yullei rkhāng ani marnocheem
hoibi Maringayei you′kna phung dār, rkhāng knuy, rkhāng laa-sa, shrengseng chun
kounak marnopilei.
Khangshellakni rkhāng heiyei upa
hoirou. Khangshellak napawani karlhang rkhāngei upa hoirou heitoubi
khangshellak napuiyani nangak rkhāngei upa hoirou. Khangshellakrapni rkhāng
heiyei lhangainanung ruipirou. Rkhāngrou ruichalkur thimi namyerni tlainiser
rkhāng heirou tekmakni karou. Rkhāngrou ruichalkur thimi namyerni yullai heirou
thuk kneitang kounakrou rui urbi lhou churrou. Yuy wanarou, meirup heeng
phanarou, chāk an thungnarou, anchum yernarou rkhāng thimini ruipirou. Pāryao
bun, hnulou-chalou, khi-ruy, khi-thro, lamklai, tuytrum-kngei, palsha (palthung
bun), cheemchang, inloiya chun, minphuk, trun kluk anakshi knei lhouthuk
kounakrou rkhāng thimirapni rui urbi churthutrou.
Rkhāng khyer sanarou yullai
thimi namyerni karmābi sarou. Cheemlhun kantangni ai-ai manicha makatbini
rkhāng aya luinanung sarou. Lapa, sai, an, tul, anna-louna makatbini khyerrei
sa rkhāng hei cheemchangrou. Karlhang rkhāng, nangak rkhāng lhai lhai sarou.
Karlhanga khatni nangak rkhāngra wachangnung yamakrou. Heinakshini nangaka
khatni karlhang
rkhāngra
wachang yamakrou. Kounak nangak rkhāngrei nangaka khatni selam (thram) urkur
dawanung rkhāng touborhnei napuiya heiwini n′ngok (hok) khatle tulkhang khat
chuirouda.
Anakshini rkhāng ani Maringa lim
ayei tangbāng choubāngnara lam ruipilei. Rkhāng ani Maringayei chaylam, you′kna
kounak marnopibi yuthak chaanthakrou klal lhou churmaknung kmit naimak kchim
lhoulamya simkhoupilei.