Yaona Minlhang

            Tlourol                                                                                                                                               

01.        Phonology                                                                  

1.1        Tlou                                                                                                                                                                                                       

1.2        Myek-lha (Alphabet)                                                                                                           

1.3        Vowel                                                                                                                                 

1.4        Consonant                                                                                                                                              

1.5        Tone                                                                                                                                   

02.        Syllable                                                                                                                                           

03.        Word Formation in Maring                                                                                                                                      

04.        Syntax

4.1        The Sentence                                                                                                                            

4.2        Subject and Predicate                                                                                                                                                                             

4.3        The Phrase and the Clause                                                                                                                   

05.        Morphology                                                                

5.1        Word Class (Parts of Speech)                                                                                             

5.2        The Noun                                                                                                                                                                                               

5.3        The Noun: Gender                                                                                                                                        

5.4        The Noun: Number                                                                                                             

5.5        The Pronoun                                                                                                                       

5.6        The Verb                                                                                                                                                                                                

5.7        The Adverb                                                                                                                         

5.8        Comparison of Adverbs                                                                                                                                                                          

5.9        The Adjective                                                                                                                                        

5.10      Word Position                                                                                                                     

06.        The Conjunction                                                                                                                                              

07.        The Interjection                                                                                                                               

08.        Question Tags                                                                                                                                 

09.        Case                                                                                                                                               

10.        Person                                                                                                                                                                                      

11.        Mood                                                                                                                                             

12.        Tense                                                                                                                                                                  

13.        Synonym and Antonym                                                                                                                                                                                       

14.        Common Errors                                                                                                                                                                           

15.        Vocabulary in Maring                                                                                                                                                                                         

16.        Composition                                                                                                                                                                                                      

Tlourol

TLOUROL 

               Khuyaikhu palshung yu-cha samran khat hoibi Maringa limya malungshibini angtu “Maring Grammar and Composition” lailik aya myethutchalei. Kumpār tlairei naimakni yrengcha Maringa tlou aya yul-yullei bei bei karlhikril, marchokrilna ngamrou kanre-kandang tlou kounak myethutkhouni lhangairousa toubini maibangrei myethutkhoupi lhousilpurap, pu-pi rapbei hochun hilthung chanthungchaleime. 

                       Kum 2001 yei census hilthungni ka Maringayei thimi-msing 23,238 lunglei. Chandel districtkei hoini dei limrouwei chungduini leilei. ST population tlakra macharou 3.1 touri 3.1% hoilei. Maringa napawa 1000 rou napuiyani 954 hoilei, Lailik kheinei literacy levelni 53.1% lunglei. Ka Maringa tlou akhi Sino-Tibetan Languages tlakrei klei Southern Naga heiyei rilra yaolei ( www.zompist.com/sino.htm arou thipilak). Maringa tlou akhi school kounakra marnoyerlanung heitoubi radio programme khat lhātpilanung hungroukyou sunpār douwathralnung duini ka´kna khat hoirou toubi uklumlei. Duini Maringayei tlou karlhikril akhi suimakni yenchimthut manirou. 

                   International Phonetical Alphabets (IPA) heirou kyao phonetics myek-lharapbei tone, pitch heiya kartāmnarou ka Maringa tlou ari tone language khatme toubi lourou. Tone language aya lilkhoini raphathutbini lailik aya myethutchame. Rikrai chil´kna ka Maringa OT Translator Pamo Rev. K Moses Maring ani aiyei lhouchil kounakya workhoupibi lailik ayei grammar portion aya proof reading toupibi lailik aya kheen karchuni phung maninanung churtrungpinarou ayakhi chouni mathangchalei. Lailik arou kwatdei mye, duiyei mye nimanung klāllei mye kounak yaowanungkhi malungshipibi touchimpibini manyonpinanung na namyerei maibangra buchaleime. 

Khuyaikhu                                                                                                                 

19.12.2009

M. Moshining Kansou

                                                                                               parshung.moshining@gmail.com 

                                                                                                         Orkut ID: molung.kansou@gmail.com 

                                                                                                                   site: www.moshining.webs.com

Wai 16: COMPOSITION

Wai 16: COMPOSITION

Paragraph Writing:

                Kani tlainiserei pao-laara nimanung lailik khatdei wari myekhounara karthanglei, touri bam khat khatdei lamkri younarei thyalāngra beicha wachangbi pao-laa nimanung wari hei youlei. Heinakshi sentencerap aya kani paragraph toubi ung. Heinakshi sentencerap heini wari, essay kalhonni dei dei proserapya pāyeinung klai hoikyer. Paragraph khyer youwanungri heini wari nimanung topic mallengna mukyer.

Definition: Paragraph tou ari sentencerap karbupni toubungbi wari khatya nimanung topic khatya simbāng heiya ung.

Principles of paragraph structure:

1. Unity:- Paragraph khat simyeinung lamkri lilkhoini mulhākrou principle heiri unity, touri paragraph kantangni aimsa aimsayei topic nimanung idea heiyatom phungthutrou.
2. Order:- Subject nimanung topic heiyei ngamrou paragraph myelanung kneeng phungthut hei wai knaini touri thangknaini simthutbi myethutrou. Thukkur lhoubam nimanung kheen heiyei ka′kna hilthungni myethutrou.
3. Variety:- Myethut paragraph heiyei sentence simbāng hei khyang – thum simbini chammei sim paragraph hoiyermakrouda.

Hutlha:

Maringayei you′kna lhoutou

                Maringayei chaan khatrou kheen kheennei hilthungni you′kna lhoutou kounak leilei. Kumran hungyeirou phungtung cher churthutlei. Thrainung yuyding makat, cheemlhou tou, palsha (palthung bun), lam′klai, thil′klai, pāryao bun, chā-da, chul′klai, trunluk, chā martam, anakshi churthutlei. Hnulou-chalouyei kheenrou tulkham, tulshor churthutlei. Phung khatdei rilra loukril dawanung pinglam kloume toubi mungna tāntee lourou, ngaimankhou napuiya khatya phung rillei napawa khatni loukur dawanung leilhāng tāntee lourou, dei phung napawani loulanung leipum tāntee lourou. Cha nao phayeirou nao-manshimlei, khna-utlei, minphuklei, cheem khyer sa kluibi cheemchanglei. Kna-ksa leiyanung theemni kna thuilei. Khi yaowanung khiruy, khithro churthutlei. Asitoubi Maringayei chaan khatdei churthutbam lhoulam you′kna kounak marngeibi khoulei.

Letter Writing:

               

                Singkhei, lailik khei thimirapni chethi koutoubi lhangaini myerou, heitoubi loupa thimiyei khyal toudarou tou namyer mulhākrouda. Ngamri tlaipang thimiyei kneeng lungnanung, lhou khat churthutnanung, lalhwol thimiraple pao-laa phaorilnanung, bamtang lhou khat phananung anakshi lhoubamrou chethi lhangaini mye beimak darkar hoi.

Forms of Letters:

                Chethi ā lim chungni leiyanungkhi (minlhang hoini pluirapnung mye chethi, lalhwolnei chethi, malungshinei mye chethi) dākrei forms of letter ari yama yaochirou.

1. Heading (arou myethimiyei address le tarik yaorou).
2. Salutation (arou min-ungnei yaorou).
3. Body/Message (arou chethi heiyei phú/lúng yaorou).
4. Conclusion (arou chethi mye luilhāknei yaorou).
5. Signature.
6. Address (arou envelope doura myenung address hoirou).

Heading: Heading arou myethimi heini bi kourei leibi mye, tarik kounakkei mye tou muyerlei.(Bi heiyei postal address lungni, reply yenmletyeinung hungdanung address pirou). Heading heiri chethi heiyei thyalāng – doura khourou.

                                                                                                       

Nungourok Village

P.O.Pallel, Chandel Dist.

Manipur – 795135.

16.02.1993.

Salutation: Greeting arou myethimi le leikril mri hilthungni koutoubi ung tou heinakshi myerou.

Cheemkhur thiminang chethi myelanungri asitoubi ungrou:

                Malungshi′kna pawa, Kei malungshi nuwi, Malungshi′kna pamo.

Pluisopharapnung mye chethi hoiyanung:

                Malungshi plui, Malungshi Mothel, Malungshi Temui,

                Malungshi manei.

Mitkhngouwei tlou “Dear” tou ani khyingei formal tlou hoirilbi klei ngamni Maringayei chethi myenaroukhi “Dear” aya yrengcharillei. Asitoubi:

               

                Dear pawa, Dear nuwi, Dear pamo, Dear plui, Dear Mothil.

Body: Body ani chethi heiyei phú hoilei. Arou chethi myenei tloubam namyer yaowura. Chethi myenei style heikhi arou mupharou. Pluinang mye chethile lalhwolnei mye chethile mālnamak heikhi arou mupharou.

                (a). Chethi thumni mye nimakni dei dei chethira lamkrini

       tum tum hoini simthutlak.

                (b). Chethi myenarou klai tlou heitoubi kyeng tlouyatom

       yrengchalak. Sentence khyangni myemak, heini loupa

       thiminung duini beso-bebal mumak hoiyerou.

                (c). Chethi hei waisoni myekhoulak.

                (d). Chethi hei marthingni, knālni (manílni) myelak.

                (e). Comma, semi-colon, fullstoprap namyer bichanara

       lhāklak.

Conclusion: Chethi luilhākna lhangaini simbi luilhāklak. Touri myethimiyei minchatom lhākbi luilhāklanung chethi hei kallomakrou. Heiniri dākrei anakshi lhākbi luilhāklak.

                Neiyei cha samran, Neiyei plui, Nei manei.

Signature: Conclusionnei hek dākra sign nimanung chethi mye thimiyei min lhākrou. Dākrei anakshini myerou:

Lg Parshung Kothilran.

Address: Ari chethikhumra myelhākrou. Ari beimak lilkhoi khat. Ngamri chethi hei kounak lhangaini kalloni myelanungkhi walungroukyou bi heini klalni myelanungri nimanung leso-lelatduranungri pharoukyou thimi heiniri tek pha manimarou. Heiniri address hei kanre-kandangni kchimni myerouda.

Hutlha hoini:

                                                Mm. Parshung Kothilran

                                                Village Chairman

                                                Beuhlaram Village

                                                P.O.Pallel

                                                Manipur 795135.

Classification of Letters:

                Lhoubammei hilthungni chethirap aya kani asitoubi khaithut yalei. Heiri:

               

(1). Social Letter (Pluinung mye chethi, malungshi khatnung mye chethi, pui-panung mye chethi, cheemkhur-loukhurnung mye chethi).

(2). Business Letter (Lalhwolnei mye chethi, application myebāngnei chethi, pao-laa officera myebāng chethi, governmentnung myebāng chethi).

Hutlha: (1) Malungshi maneinung mye chethi:

Maringlane,

New Checkon, Imphal

16.12.1996.

Malungshi manei,

                Ramkhei lhānarei leithungkur, keiyei malungshi manei, neiyei bamra angtu lhouyangei malungshi aya chethi hoini hutthul manthunthunglei. Lhouyangei sholungrei kneeng kounak kanyerthung ani maneiyei bamra marhot kounak piyanungkhi youkhapimakno manei.

                Kousi kousi sonleiyo? Nungk′ngaini louleiroume toubi uklumlei. Nungkhatnuiri karungniyei lungshi lungnabi lamsora lungrilroume toubini uklumni lhouyang keikhi sonlei.

Masayei tanglani katwaryeinung sorwani sherchichangmakni katduinakshi lhouyangei malungshikhi tlainiser katduileime. Reidangei karyui mairungya muphaweise ningchabini lhouyangei nilrungkhi sonleime angtupha. Manei, shimlei-thangwanni treembongtlim, yuini-meini mitbangyenri kanthritmakni malungshiroume manei neiya. Tlaipangei yaithi-yailimni nanbinikhi, sherchichangmak klahni thimbinikhi manei neinungei mayungleime. Lhouyang sholungrei marchalkur maneiyei karyui mairungri tekkhi kmit naikhoumarou. Simpipuni kounakei lhangaini lungtrim neiya simkhoupiya! Thinarou lhouyang sholung pil-kham naimakleime.Tlainiserou kheenserou maneiyei karyui mairungyatom thinileime. Wanshang ningshunnei radainakshi thang allei neiyei mairung. Laoyotrou heithi neiyei mitthini lhouyang sholung malhimyerlei. Hungalo maneiyo! lhouyang keiyei thrungna bamra.

                “Oh Simpipuwo! malungshi reidang ayari nungk′ngaini khoupilakno. Phungtung cherni hungyeirou, reidang aiyei malungshi pārbamra hungthrungeise nungkhatnuiri. Kheen heirou reidangei karyui mairungya hanuitomcha hoiyanungkhi muyerpilakno. Laoyotrou heithi aiyei mitthi… sholung pilni thikhouweise. Reidangei marhui naimak muiknam pārkhrimya khyouram-taoram karyouni Maringa chingshāng karbupni kanchai hoiniyaso” Angtunungri keiyei chethi arou luiyeise. Hakarao nungk′ngaini sonniyano kei malungshi manei.

Neiyei manei,

Mm Modar

(2). School teknei Ochanung mye chethi:

Maringlane,

New Checkon, Imphal

16.12.2008.

To,

The Principal

The Shining Hills Academy

Khuyaikhu

Subject: School teknei yapinanung bucha.

Rikraichilkna Ocha,

Ralkur tlainirou kei bur chubi, mkhubi leikur ngamni kei school ka manimakura. Heini malungshipibi keiyei school tekkur heiya Ochani yapinanung shunchalei.

Neiyei ruishik,

Tanim Morung

Class – X, Section A

INVITATION / KHUL PAO (KHUL-KAI)

Hutlha:

                Lg/Mm/Sm/Rd Darlei Korung Pa Darlei Anglourung Bi Marimchi Yultang rei klei neiyei bamra rikrai chilni kanyerchalei. Hung tarik 20/02/2002 kummei Sunna tānglayei phangani pālbang Phunni tlainiyei ningshun pung 10 dayei kheenrou keiyei khyerei (rannei) sabāng cheem aya changnanung marshiklei.

                Cheemchang kneitang arou kheen karchuni polhākpibi yarekna laa sabini, phung dārkhi kyaoni khonloi nuybini churthutmālnanung shunchalei. Chepāng ani runghut hoibi khulkai kanyerthung aya yulmakni pochangpinanung theemkhui, lhouwa, pu-pi namyerei bamra buchaleime.

                                Kanril,

Yorshung Leitol,

Karyemkhu palthung,

Kangoi chingshāng.

COMPREHENSION

                Comprehension tou ari tlourui tumkhatya lamkrini pithutbi heirou tlou-ngai kounak kngaibi marnothralya khei-sing chāng thi heiya ung. Parkha kantangrou asinung comprehension ayei siruk yaolei. Ani parkha lha thimiyei khei-sing, khyal ludok, thumlepchayei kheenrou loulhāk mani heiyei chāng thinalei. Comprehension touyei kheenrou mulhāknung tha leilei.

Heiri:

1.       Tlourui tum heiya khminni pathutbi hoùrei tlou-lung heiya mulhāknanung lāknarou.

2.       Duini mulhāknanung hannuikhi kallengni khminni pathorou.

3.       Tlou-ngairap hei kouwa kngai tou khminni mulhāknanung lāknarou. Heitoubi tlourui heiya thibi kei msayei tlou-wongra myethutbi rulrou.

4.       Sentence lhungni myethutrou, touri waisokhourou.

5.       Tloulhangei artha kngai hoiyanungri hei yaleilimri kai msayei tlou-wongra rulkhourou.

Hutlha:

        Bangei youbini Maringa napuiyarapni phi-punshel kounak kyekbini cheemai khatdei darkār hoi kounak marshikbi katlei. Rpotni nimanung phaini taphu lhangai lhangaini simbi phi-punshel yekthutlei. Napawayei lingkham phikyil, linglik, murshum, rulshum, rulshum-khrul, hutsi, horumshin, makhap, nathang, heitoubi napuiyawei karkhup phikham, linglik, lingkhang, lumlher, riho, kungoirei, shamkin, hutshin, shangkairui anakshini Maringayei phirul-phibāng hoinalei. Kheen kheennei hilchanthungbi Maringarapni phi-punshel lhai lhai yrengcharillei. Minlhang hoini khuingallu, langphai, ngoupun, phimul-rālput, mongchal, muidou-karkhup, shamkin-karkhup, kungoi, lukhumrei, pungpun, khnikcha, aihaphi, khemchi linglik anakshiya yrengcharillei.

ESSAY

                Essay touri lākna heiya ung. Pibi klei topic heiyei lhoulamrou kanre-kandangni myethutnanung lākna heiya essay toubi ung. Arou myerou thimi heini pibi klei tloubam heiyei wong lānglim hei thang-knaini tlou karchu yrengchabi myethutrou.

                Essay khat myethutnarou wai khyumtam thukyerou – Introduction, Body heitoubi Conclusion.

(1). Introduction: Essay heiyei tlou youthutna ari lilkhoi wai khat. Introduction ani lhangaiyanung essay hei pā′kni pukyerou. Introduction ari thumlepchani myelanung duini lhangai. Arou definition, quotation lhāk kya, kalhonni topic heiya urbāngnanung lampur simthutyerou.

(2). Body: Essayhakri arime toubi lou kya. Maibang trükhārni introduction heitoubi Incho trükhārni conclusion toubi loubini Body ani cheemhakme toubi lourou.

                Lamkrini tlou lhangai karchurou heiya holthutbi neiyei ukningrei ningcha heiyei hilthungni wai knaini thang-thang simthutbi myethutlak.Paragraph khat khat simthutbi idea hei khatle khat maryomrillak. Tlou-chui yaomakni point heiyatom kanre-kandangni myethutlak.

(3). Conclusion: Essay heiyei luilhākna hei lhangaini simbi luilhāklak. Myeroukyou body essay heiyei tloubam thumlepchani myethutrou, quotation lhāk maniyanung heikhi myekhourou, heitoubi luilhāknei tlou myekhoubi luilhākrou.

Classification of Essays: Essay aya kani phangatam thukni khaithutlei.

1.Reflective Essays.                                            2. Narrative Essays.

3.Descriptive Essays.                                          4. Expository Essays.

5.Imaginative Essays.

Reflective Essays: Ari abstract hoi tloubam touri mannokur (heinakur), chingshāngei ngamrou kartāmbi myethut heiya reflective essay tou ung. Hutlha hoini: a). habits, qualities, b). social, politics, domestic topics – Dun, karning, government, cheempal-loupal, tulshor, lalhwol anakshi c). philosophical subjectrap – kchim, klal anakshi.

Narrative Essays: Kounakshi thukkur lhoubam khatdei ngamrou mye essay heiya narrative essay toubi ung. Mrekna (Games & Sports), karkhalkril, karhoukril, thikthui-dānthui, ram-kuicha anakshiyei ngamrou mye essay aya kani narrative essay toubi ungrou.

Descriptive Essays: Descriptive essay ari thimi, ningka (putchei), bi, yā, cheem, heengtrung, thinga, anakshiyei ngamrou myethut essay heiya descriptive essay toubi ungrou.

Expository Essays: Subject khatdei ngamrou exposition toubi mye heiya expository essay toubi ungrou. Lhouchurnei ngamrou (phailou, yekkul, ya-

yek, pressra lailik knam), prose, poetry, novel anakshiyei ngamrou myethut essay heiya expository essay toubi ungrou.

Imaginative Essays: Ukningei ningcha heiya simbi myethut essay heiya imaginative essay toubi ung. Arou mye thimi ani myethut tloubam kounakrou hannuitomkhi yaothimakhui, hoithimakhui. Heiyei ngamrou ukningni ningchabi myethut heitomni. “Keini Chief Minister hoiyanungri”, “Keini Maringayei chingshāngrak hoiyanungri”, “Keini krung hoiyanungri” anakshiyei tloulamra myethut essay heiya imaginative essay toubi ung.

Hutlha:

RKHĀNG

                Rkhāng ari Maringayei bangei nuter-paterapbei chaanthakrouwei yenyoubini phunkur bam khat. Maringa yul kantangrou rkhāng namyer leichilei. Rkhāng arou yul-yullei sunpār-douwathral, nangak karlhang namyerni ruichalrou. Nangak karlhangrapni hnu-shal phabi cheempālbongtlim rkhāng arou leirou. Maringa chingshāngrou yul yullei rkhāng ani marnocheem hoibi Maringayei you′kna phung dār, rkhāng knuy, rkhāng laa-sa, shrengseng chun kounak marnopilei.

                Khangshellakni rkhāng heiyei upa hoirou. Khangshellak napawani karlhang rkhāngei upa hoirou heitoubi khangshellak napuiyani nangak rkhāngei upa hoirou. Khangshellakrapni rkhāng heiyei lhangainanung ruipirou. Rkhāngrou ruichalkur thimi namyerni tlainiser rkhāng heirou tekmakni karou. Rkhāngrou ruichalkur thimi namyerni yullai heirou thuk kneitang kounakrou rui urbi lhou churrou. Yuy wanarou, meirup heeng phanarou, chāk an thungnarou, anchum yernarou rkhāng thimini ruipirou. Pāryao bun, hnulou-chalou, khi-ruy, khi-thro, lamklai, tuytrum-kngei, palsha (palthung bun), cheemchang, inloiya chun, minphuk, trun kluk anakshi knei lhouthuk kounakrou rkhāng thimirapni rui urbi churthutrou.

                Rkhāng khyer sanarou yullai thimi namyerni karmābi sarou. Cheemlhun kantangni ai-ai manicha makatbini rkhāng aya luinanung sarou. Lapa, sai, an, tul, anna-louna makatbini khyerrei sa rkhāng hei cheemchangrou. Karlhang rkhāng, nangak rkhāng lhai lhai sarou. Karlhanga khatni nangak rkhāngra wachangnung yamakrou. Heinakshini nangaka khatni karlhang

rkhāngra wachang yamakrou. Kounak nangak rkhāngrei nangaka khatni selam (thram) urkur dawanung rkhāng touborhnei napuiya heiwini n′ngok (hok) khatle tulkhang khat chuirouda.

                Anakshini rkhāng ani Maringa lim ayei tangbāng choubāngnara lam ruipilei. Rkhāng ani Maringayei chaylam, you′kna kounak marnopibi yuthak chaanthakrou klal lhou churmaknung kmit naimak kchim lhoulamya simkhoupilei.

Wai-so

Wai 15: VOCABULARY IN MARING

Wai 15: VOCABULARY IN MARING

 Maringayei you´kna hilthungni thimi khatle khat karbèrilyeirou yrengcha´kril tlou tha leilei. Heirap heiri:

Min karbè-Napawa lāngra:

Pater       = Nuwi/pawayei pa, Paterrei lingkhat hoi napawa.

Pawa      = Yukpuk pa.

Pātang   = Pawayei tei, Nuwiyei teiwiyei shal.

Pamo     = Pawayei nao thuk –Mo, Nuwiyei naowiyei shal –Mo

                   Shallei nao thuk –Mo, Naowei shal –Mo.

Pako       = Pawayei nao thuk –Ko, Nuwiyei naowiyei shal –Ko

                   Shallei nao thuk –Ko, Naowei shal –Ko.

Pangte    = Pawayei nao thuk –Ang, Nuwiyei naowiyei shal –Ang

                   Shallei nao thuk –Ang, Naowei shal –Ang.

Pame      = Pawayei nao thuk –Me, Nuwiyei naowiyei shal –Me

                   Shallei nao thuk –Me, Naowei shal – Me.

Patul       = Pawayei nao thuk –Lei, Nuwiyei naowiyei shal –Lei

                   Shallei nao thuk –Lei, Naowei shal –Lei.

Puwa      = Nuwiyei tra, Hnuwei pa, Puwayei cha napawa/Putang.

Mrang    = Shallei pa, Pawayei charrei shal, Niniyei shal.

Kmāk     = Chawiyei shal, Cha thukkei shal.

Teiwa     = Teiyei shal, Shallei tei thuk.

Yuwa     = Niniyei cha napawa.

Momo    = Tei thuk –Mo.

Koko      = Tei thuk –Ko.

Anga      = Tei thuk –Ang.

Meme    = Tei thuk –.

Eiya        = Tei thuk –Lei.

Trä          = Napuiyawei pukmālna napawa, Napuiyawei pa thukkei 

    cha napawa.

Shalkhu= Khnitamtlung shal.

Shaltir    = Lamkri shal.

Msalla    = Hnu loukur napawa.

Napuiya lāngra:

Nuter      = Nuwi/pawayei pui, Nuterrei lingkhat hoi napuiya.

Nuwi       = Yukpuk pui.

Nutang   = Nuwiyei tei, Pawayei teiyei hnu (Tātang).

Nute       = Nuwiyei nao thuk –Te, Pawayei naowei hnu –Te,

                   Hnuwei nao thuk –Te, Naowei hnu –Te.

Nuto       = Nuwiyei nao thuk –To, Pawayei naowei hnu –To,

                   Hnuwei nao thuk –To, Naowei hnu –To.

Takhu    = Nuwiyei nao thuk –Khu, Pawayei naowei hnu –Khu,

                   Hnuwei nao thuk –Shangkhu, Naowei hnu –Shangkhu.

Tapé       = Nuwiyei nao thuk –Pe, Pawayei naowei hnu –Pe,

                   Hnuwei nao thuk –Tung, Naowei hnu –Tung.

Takham= Nuwiyei nao thuk –Lei, Pawayei naowei hnu –Lei,

                   Hnuwei nao thuk –Lei, Naowei hnu –Lei.

Pipi         = Hnuwei pui, Nuwiyei trawei hnu/Pitang.

Nini         = Shallei pui, Pawayei char thuk, Shallei char thuk.

Mou       = Chawayei hnu, Träyei hnu.

Teiwi      = Teiyei hnu (Atei).

Yuwi       = Niniyei cha napuiya.

Tete        = Tei thuk –Te.

Toto       = Tei thuk –To.

Khukhu= Tei thuk –Shangkhu.

Pepe       = Tei thuk –Pe (Tung).

Eiya        = Tei thuk –Lei.

Char       = Napawayei pukmālna napuiya, Pa thukkei cha napuiya.

Nukhu    = Khnitamtlung hnu.

Nutir       = Lamkri hnu.

Napuinu= Shal dunkur napuiya.

Karbupni ungkril:

Yu           = Chayei yukpuk cha, Napawayei teiwiyei cha,

Manei    = Napawalāngra Puwayei cha napuiya thuk,

                   Napuiyalāngra Niniyei cha napawa thuk,

                   Dei phungrei nangaka/karlhanga,

Kapui     = Khulram/phung lhaiyei napawa.

Plui         = Lingkhat hoini kattangmālkna, churtrungmālkna

Trulmei= Hnu / shal makkur

Ocha      = Marnopipu

Ochani   = Ochayei hnu

Shelkhu= Chawei mrang/nini nimanung puwa/pipi.

Napung khni (Yakhu) murilkna:

Pacha     = Pa le cha, pa thukle cha, pa le cha thuk,

Puicha    = Pui le cha, pui thukle cha, pui le cha thuk,

Teinao   = Tei le nao, Tei thukle nao, Tei le nao thuk,

Puyu       = Puwa le yu/kmāk, Nuter/Pater le yu,

Pisa         = Pipi le kmāk, puwayei hnu le shallei charrei cha,

Mrangsa= Mrangle mou, Niniyei shal le hnuwei trayei cha,

Ningsa    = Teiyei shal le hnuwei tra = Ningpai,

Teisa      = Teiwi le naowa, Tei le naowi,

Nisa        = Nini le mou, Nini le träyei cha,

Mousa   = Mou le nini,

Neisa      = Manei thuk yakhu,

Trä-pa    = Trä (le pa),

Charcha= Char le trä,

Shangram= Shal le hnu.

The Universe

The Universe	Tlaipangpal
God	Um/ Dunpu
Demon	Th́́́́rai
Spirit	Tlim
Fire	Mei
Water	Yuy
Earth	Shimlei
Sky	Nungthou
Air	Marthi
Cloud	Ramei
Dew	Radai
Snow	Thur
Sun	Kul
Moon	Tangla
Star	Sorwa
River	Kung
Lake	Pāt
Pond	Puktri
Mountain	Lhung
Plain	Phai
Rain	Nung
Hail	Nunghei
Thunder	Nungkhung
Lightning	(nung)-mitwār
Rainbow	Lāngting-sui
Hot	Shā
Cold	Dai
Day	Tlaini
Mid-day	Nunghang-hlai
Night	Masa
Darkness	Ḱmeh
Light	Kwār
Stone	Th́lung
Wood	Heeng
Forest	Heengyao

Mankind

Mankind	Thimi
Man	Napawa
Woman	Napuiya
Old man	Terra (terrawa)
Old woman	Terra (terrawi)
Infant	Naosun (naopār)
Boy	Douwa (napawa douwa)
Girl	Douwa (napuiya douwa)
Bachelor	Karlhanga
Maiden	Nangaka
Widow	Trulmeiwi
Widower	Trulmeiwa

Body

Body flesh	Hak-rung
Head	Lu
Forehead	Machal
Face	Mai/mairung
Eye	Shola / mit
Eyebrow	Mitkhoumul
Eyelid	Mitkhmul
Tear	Mityui
Ear	Khna
Nose	Khnalung
Nostril	Khnapur
Cheek	Maibung
Lip	Mur
Teeth	Haa
Tongue	Mlei
Chin	Khakui
Beard	Khamul
Hair	Sam
Brain	Ludok
Neck	Ngak
Throat	Khruk
Shoulder	Lhābāng
Arm	Hutbāng
Elbow	Hutchu
Wrist	Hutmum
Hand	Hut / khut
Nail	Hutthin
Finger	Hutyār
Palm	Hutmai
Fist	Huttum
Back	Kung
Chest	Mlungpāk
Heart	Mlung
Breast	Chuchu
Stomach	Chākkao
Belly	Yai / Onbi
Navel	Plai
Thigh	Pheikhnang / Pheinang
Knee	Khuk-lu
Leg	Ho
Bone	Th́ru
Veins	Yra
Flesh	Ti
Skin	Unkhor / un
Blood	Hee
Sweat	Lan

Animals

Animals	Yā / Yātang
Mithun	Shrim
Dog	Ui
Cow	Halpui
Bullock	Hal
Buffalo	Nlui
Horse	Śpuk
Elephant	Shai
Rat	Ŕ́puk
Sheep	Yao
Pig	Ok / Ńngok
Deer	Chao
Bear	Ikshum
Monkey	Yung
Cat	Houtung
Goat	Hlāng

Birds

Birds	Wa / ramwa
Fowl	Wa / cheemwa
Duck	Ngānu
Goose	Kāngā
Peacock	Ārhong
Crow	Āak
Feather	Wa-khmul
Wing	Wa-msa

Insects

Insects	Pui
Butterfly	Lap
Ant	Pheyāng / Shāngsi
White ant	Thra
Lizard	Yāngrui
Mosquito	Thangtran
Midge	Dumde
Spider	Airān
Bee	Khui
Fly	Trān
Bug	Rma
Louse	Rik
Flea	Uirik
Snake	Phrul

Fish

Fish	Thanga
Crab	Ai
Fresh fish	Thanga tik
Dreid fish	Thanga tār
Shell fish	Shol
Eel	Thangaphlum

Vegetables and others

Tree	Heeng
Banana	Mut-hei
Mango	Heinou
Jackfruit	Theipong
Fig	Shut-hei
Pineapple	Khekum
Bamboo	Khwa
Fruit	Hei
Flower	Pār
Bud	Pārmum
Root	Yrung
Stem	Trung
Branch	Baan
Leaf	Nā
Cane	Rui
Creeper	Ruiyām
Grass	Tingtou
Walnut	Kha-hei
Rice	Sai
Dhan	Cha
Vegetables	Anna-louna/ annām
Peas	Be
Garlic	Channam
Onion	Tillou
Mustard leaf	Anchep
Cabbage	Kohbi
Ginger	Hui
Turmeric	Aitrungson
Chilli	Phit / phit-hei
Salt	Dawa
Sugar	Samyāk
Betelnut	Kwa
Pan-leaf	Kwana
Tobacco leaf	Hilāk-na

 Household Items

House	Cheem
Room	Kā / Kok
Verandah	Dāngkhup
Roof	Cheembung
Principal - Post	Shutlai
Beam	Khāngyal
Thatch	Chi
Door	Trukhār
Window	Thangput / Mitthung
Threshold	Tulmuk
Bamboo-ribbon	Thimro
Brick	Chik
Wall	Thang
Cot	Khumdou
Mattress	Monpāk
Pillow	Lukhāng
Mosquito net	Trānkhal
Quilt	Kāntha
Cotton	Rpot
Plate	Leipāng
Curry pot	Kaikam
Cooking pot	Warophu
Wax	Khuilu
Spirit	Tul
Tongs	Chaichi
Key	Hangchei
Kitchen	Bomka
Sand	Leimui

Colours

White	Khngou
Black	Khmong
Red	Mrao
Green	Mar-em
Yellow	Porāng / Ancheppār machu
Blue	Nungthou machu
Grey	Ut machu

Churnung lhou:

Q1.          Maringa tloura Cha le Pa le Yu –napung khyumya koutoubi

karbèrouwo?              

Q2.          Maringa tloura Cha le Pui le Mou –napung khyumya koutoubi

karbèrouwo?

Q3.          Maringa tloura “Keiyei puwanang Aiyei puwani puwa” unglanung

keile āle kou mri thukrouwo?

Q4.          Dākrei pi tloulhāngrapbei artha Englishra mallenglak:

                Ukse-tāng.             Yuntok-yaitok     Nísa (napuiya khni plui sana)

                Tampawei.            Mól                         Yunchok-yaichok.

                Liptlai.                   Thambò                                Lhouwa.

                Hul-thral                Tèdùn                    Díng.

                Halpal.                   Anchí                     Tlāngyun.

                Warhong.              Antàng                   Chun-oi.

                Hu-lailai.               Chaknahei            Kār-oi.

                Kou-lailai.             Khuilú                    Phom.

                Khngāk.                 Mär                        Shóu.

                Ngākdik.                Karhil                     Thok.

                Kanchek.               Kanthui                 Tok.

                Kantek.                  Chír                        Lok.

                Dep.                        Chāi-lung              Dok.

                Maryeng.               Kangoi                   Kengoi  

                Kaothum.              Chai-lung              Long-long haicha.              

                Nok (yuy nok)      Yuypul                   Yuybun